1. Bacchetta MD, Eachempati SR, Fins JJ, Hydo L, Barie PS. Factors influencing DNR decision-making in a surgical ICU. J Am Coll Surg. 2006; 202:995–1000. DOI:
10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.02.027.
Article
2. Bellini S, Damato EG. Nurses' knowledge, attitudes/beliefs, and care practices concerning do not resuscitate status for hospitalized neonates. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2009; 38:195–205. DOI:
10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01009.x.
Article
3. Chang Y, Huang CF, Lin CC. Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in intensive care. Nurs Ethics. 2010; 17:445–455. DOI:
10.1177/0969733010364893.
Article
4. Clandinin DJ, Connelly FM. Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers;2000.
5. Connelly FM, Clandinin DJ. Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educ Res. 1990; 19(5):2–14.
Article
6. Creswell JW. Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage;1998.
7. Haggstrom E, Mbusa E, Wadensten E. Nurses' workplace distress and ethical dilemmas in Tanzanian health care. Nurs Ethics. 2008; 15:478–491. DOI:
10.1177/0969733008090519.
Article
8. Han SS. Doctor's and nurses' perception and experiences of DNR. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2005; 11(3):255–264.
9. Handy CM, Sulmasy DP, Merkel CK, Ury WA. The surrogate's experience in authorizing a do not resuscitate order. Palliat Support Care. 2008; 6:13–19. DOI:
10.1017/S1478951508000035.
Article
10. Hilden HM, Louhiala P, Honkasalo ML, Palo J. Finnish nurses' views on end-of-life discussions and a comparison with physicians' views. Nurs Ethics. 2004; 11:165–178. DOI:
10.1191/0969733004ne681oa.
11. Holzapfel L, Demingeon G, Piralla B, Biot L, Nallet B. A four-step protocol for limitation of treatment in terminal care. An observational study in 475 intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28:1309–1315. DOI:
10.1007/s00134-002-1370-y.
Article
12. Hong SY. An empirical study for model development concerning Advance Directives. J Korean Gerontol Soc. 2010; 30(4):1197–1211.
13. Jacobson JA, Kasworm E. May I take your order: A user-friendly resuscitation status and medical treatment plan form. Qual Manag Health Care. 1999; 7:13–20.
14. Keating NL, Landrum MB, Rogers SO, Baum SK, Virnig BA, Huskamp HA, et al. Physician factors associated with discussions about end-of-life care. Cancer. 2010; 116:998–1006. DOI:
10.1002/cncr.24761.
Article
15. Ko HJ. A study on ethical attitude of nurses about do-not-resuscitate (DNR) and change in nursing activities after DNR. Gwangju: Chosun University;2004. Unpublished master's thesis.
16. Kwon BK, Bae H. A narrative analysis of ethical issues regarding end of life care decision. Korean J Med Ethics. 2011; 14(2):157–170.
17. Kwon BK, Koh YS, Yun YH, Heo DS, Seo SY, Kim HC, et al. A study of the attitudes of patients, family members, and physicians toward the withdrawal of medical treatment for terminal patients in Korea. Korean J Med Ethics. 2010; 13(1):1–16.
18. Lee MH, Kang HS. The relationship among attitude toward DNR orders, depression and self-esteem in the elderly. J Korean Gerontol Soc. 2007; 27(2):323–334.
19. Lee YB. Nurses' and doctors' perceptions, experiences, and ethical attitudes on DNR. J Korean Clin Nurs Res. 2007; 13(2):73–85.
20. Markson L, Clark J, Glantz L, Lamberton V, Kern D, Stollerman G. The doctor's role in discussing advance preferences for end-of-life care: Perception of physicians practicing in th VA. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997; 45:399–406.
21. Ok J, Yi M. Understanding the experiences of family members who make do-not-resuscitate decisions for cancer patients. Korean J Med Ethics. 2012; 15(1):34–51.
22. Purdy IB. Embracing bioethics in neonatal intensive care, Part I: Evolving toward evidence-based ethics. Neonatal Netw. 2006; 25:33–42. DOI:
10.1891/0730-0832.25.1.33.
23. Robinson F, Cupples M, Corrigan M. Implementing a resuscitation policy for patients at the end of life in an acute hospital setting: Qualitative study. Palliat Med. 2007; 21:305–312. DOI:
10.1177/0269216307077817.
24. Shapira-Lishchinsky O. Ethical dilemmas: The experiences of Israeli nurses. Qual Health Res. 2009; 19:1602–1611. DOI:
10.1177/1049732309350730.
Article
25. Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Rocker GM, Griffith LE, Walter SD, Fisher MM, et al. DNR directives are established early in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. Can J Anaesth. 2004; 51(10):1034–1041.
Article
26. Smith CB, Bunch L. Do not resuscitate does not mean do not treat: How palliative care and other modalities can help facilitate communication about goals of care in advanced illness. Mt Sinai J Med. 2008; 75:460–465. DOI:
10.1002/msj.20076.
Article
27. Song T, Kim KP, Koh YS. Factors determining the establishment of DNR orders in oncologic patients at a university hospital in Korea. Korean J Med. 2008; 74(4):403–410.
28. Varon J, Marik PE. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2007; 24:224–229. DOI:
10.1177/1049909107301485.
Article
29. Westphal DM, McKee SA. End-of-life decision making in the intensive care unit: Physician and nurse perspectives. Am J Med Qual. 2009; 24:222–228. DOI:
10.1177/1062860608330825.
Article
30. Yi , Oh SE, Choi EO, Kwon IG, Kwon SB, Cho KM, et al. Hospital nurses' experience of do-not-resuscitate in Korea. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2008; 38(2):298–309.
Article