Korean J Adult Nurs.  2013 Aug;25(4):389-399.

The Influence of Cognitive Coping on Hope, Depression and Satisfaction with Life in Hemodialysis Patients

• Cha J
• Yi M

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between cognitive coping, hope, depression, and life satisfaction of hemodialysis patients based on the stress-coping model.
METHODS
For this cross-sectional survey, 142 participants were recruited from 10 local clinics in Seoul and Daegu during 2012-2013. The data collection instruments included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The cognitive coping scores were significantly related to hope, depression, and life satisfaction. The coping strategies explained 80%, 37%, and 38% of the variances in hope, depression, and life satisfaction, respectively. The most powerful coping strategy was positive refocusing, explaining 73% in hope, 25% in depression, and 25% in life satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate that cognitive coping plays an essential role for psychological adaptation of hemodialysis patients. Thus, interventions integrating positive refocusing would help instilling hope of hemodialysis patients in Korea.

MeSH Terms

Adaptation, Psychological
Anxiety
Cognition
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression
Humans
Korea
Renal Dialysis
Surveys and Questionnaires

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Research framework of this study based on the stress-coping model.

Reference

1. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1961; 127:561–571. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004.

2. Billington E, Simpson J, Unwin J, Bray D, Giles D. Does hope predict adjustment to end stage renal failure and consequent dialysis? British Journal of Health Psychology. 2008; 13:683–699. DOI: 10.1348/135910707X248959.

3. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. Posttraumatic growth: The positive lessons of loss. In : Neimeyer RA, editor. Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association;2001. p. 157–172.

4. Curtis CE, Rothstein M, Hong BA. Stage-specific educational interventions for patients with end-stage renal disease: Psychological and psychiatric considerations. Progress in Transplantation. 2009; 19:18–24.

5. Diener E, Emmons RS, Larson RJ, Griffin S. The Satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1985; 49:71–75.

6. Folkman S, Moskowitz JT. Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist. 2000; 55:647–654. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647.

7. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire–development of a short 18-item version (CERQshort). Personality and Individual Difference. 2006; 41:1045–1053. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.010.

8. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Do cognitive coping and goal adjustment strategies used shortly after myocardial infarction predict depressive outcomes 1 year later? Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2010; 25:383–389. DOI: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e3181d298ca.

9. Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P. Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences. 2001; 30:1311–1327. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6.

10. Gillanders S, Wild M, Deighan C, Gillanders D. Emotion regulation, affect, psychosocial functioning, and well-being in hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2008; 51:651–662. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.023.

11. Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology. 2003; 39:281–291. DOI: 10.1017/S0048577201393198.

12. Han KH, Kim MH. A study on the relationship between hope and self-care agency in hemodialysis patients. The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing. 2001; 4:137–145.

13. Herth K. Abbreviates instrument to measure hope: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1992; 14:743–753. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-648.1992.tb01843.x.

14. Kim HB. Adjustment process of hemodialysis patients: A grounded theory approach. The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing. 2002; 5:217–225.

15. Kim JH. Suggestions for clinical and everyday application of mindfulness: What is mindfulness? Korean Journal of Health Psychology. 2004; 9:511–538.

16. Kim SH. A study on relationships among the stressful events, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being. Seoul: The Catholic University of Korea;2004. Unpublished master's thesis.

17. Kimmel PL, Cohen SD, Weisbord SD. Quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis: Survival is not enough! Journal of Nephrology. 2008; 21:S54–S58.

18. Kring DL, Crane PB. Factors affecting quality of life in persons on hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal. 2009; 36:15–24.

19. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company;1984.

20. Lim N, Lee H, Suh EM. Review of the satisfaction with life scale(SWLS) findings in Korea. Korean Journal of Psychology: Generl. 2010; 29:21–47.

21. Martin RC, Dahlen ER. Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005; 39:1249–1260. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004.

22. Schroevers M, Kraaij V, Garnefski N. How do cancer patients manage unattainable personal goals and regulate their emotions. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2008; 13:551–562. DOI: 10.1348/135910707X241497.

23. Sears SR, Stanton AL, Danoff-Burg S. The yellow brick road and the emerald city: benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychology. 2003; 22:487–497. DOI: 10.1037/0278-133.22.5.487.

24. Son YJ, Choi KS, Park YR, Bae JS, Lee JB. Depression, symptoms and the quality of life in patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. American Journal of Nephrology. 2009; 29:36–42. DOI: 10.1159/000150599.

25. Sprangers MA, de Regt EB, Andries F, van Agt HM, Bijl RV, de Boer JB. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2000; 53:895–907. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00204-3.

26. Tae YS, Kim MY. Influencing factors on hope among patients with breast cancer. Asian Oncology Nursing. 2009; 9:86–92.

27. Weil CM. Exploring hope in patients with end stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal. 2000; 27:219–224.

28. Weisbord SD, Fried LF, Arnold RM, Fine MJ, Levenson DJ, Peterson RA, et al. Prevalence, severity, and importance of physical and emotional symptoms in chronic hemodialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005; 16:2487–2494. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2005020157.

29. Youn SJ. The Effects of forgiveness nursing intervention program on forgiveness and mental health in patients with advanced women cancer. Busan: Kosin University;2004. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.

30. Zigmond AS, Snaith R. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983; 67:361–370. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.