Analysis of Nursing Studies on Hardiness Published in Korea

Kim, Young Ock

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify patterns and trends of hardiness studies and to suggest the direction of further research. METHOD : Forty-seven hardiness studies were collected through internet searching and were reviewed by some criteria. RESULT : The results showed that hardiness studies have increased rapidly since 1990's. Eighteen studies were thesis' for degrees and others were for non- degree research studies. All studies employed the non-experimental design, particularly correlational studies. In the sampling method, all studies used non-probability sampling. Most commonly used instrument for hardiness measurement was Pollock(1986)'s HRHS. In the majority of research, hardiness was treated both as a composite measure and 3 subscales. Hardiness-related concepts were 27 and classified into 5 categories such as health behavior, stress, adaptation, support, and others. Most common statistical technique was Pearson's correlation coefficient, followed by regression, ANOVA, path analysis. CONCLUSION: To be utilized as practical nursing knowledge, hardiness studies should be done with more empirical analysis such as experimental research, and Meta-analysis is needed to compare the effect size and significance of composit and 3 subscales of hardiness construct.