Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.  2011 Jun;14(2):113-121. 10.5223/kjpgn.2011.14.2.113.

Clinical Perspectives of Food Allergy in Infants and Young Children

• Hwang JB

• KMID: 2276530
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5223/kjpgn.2011.14.2.113

Abstract

Food allergies affect 7~8% of infants and young children, and their prevalence appears to have increased in recent years. Food allergy refers to an abnormal immunological reaction to a specific food. These reactions can be recurrent each time the food is ingested. Food allergy manifests itself with a wide spectrum of clinical characteristics including IgE-mediated diseases as immediate reactions, non-IgE-mediated disorders as delayed reactions, and mixed hypersensitivities. As a consequence, the clinical picture of a food allergy is pleomorphic. A well-designed oral food challenge is the most reliable diagnostic test for infants and young children whose clinical history and physical examination point towards a specific food allergy. Food specific IgE antibody tests (RAST, MAST, skin prick test, Uni-CAP, etc) are an alternative tool to determine oral food challenge for IgE-mediated disorders, but not for non-IgE-mediated allergies. Moreover, parents often impose their children on unnecessary diets without adequate medical supervision. These inappropriate dietary restrictions may cause nutritional deficiencies. This review aims to introduce clinical perspectives of food allergy in infants and young children and to orient clinicians towards different strains of diagnostic approaches, dietary management, and follow-up assessment of tolerance development.

Keyword

Food allergy; Infant; Child

MeSH Terms

Child
Diagnostic Tests, Routine
Diet
Follow-Up Studies
Food Hypersensitivity
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Immunoglobulin E
Infant
Malnutrition
Organization and Administration
Parents
Physical Examination
Prevalence
Skin
Immunoglobulin E

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