Asian Oncol Nurs.  2014 Sep;14(3):162-172. 10.5388/aon.2014.14.3.162.

A Path Analysis on Factors Influencing Women's Embarrassment undergoing Papanicolaou Tests for Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Screening

• Cho EJ

• KMID: 2269454
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2014.14.3.162

Abstract

PURPOSE
Embarrassment is an unpleasant emotion that women undergoing Papanicolaou (Pap) tests often experience. These experiences differ according to individual, interactional and cognitive-emotional factors of embarrassment. This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing Pap test embarrassment (PapE) using a path analysis.
METHODS
281 women who had Pap tests at four screening sites in G city completed questionnaires assessing the relationships among general characteristics, service locations, medical embarrassment (ME), and PapE. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 Package and LISREL 8.8 program.
RESULTS
PapE was directly influenced by ME, and also both directly and indirectly affected by dispositional embarrassability and sexual experience, while only indirectly affected by psychological experience through ME. PapE concerning social face was both directly and indirectly affected by ME and dispositional embarrassability, while indirectly affected by both income and psychological experience. Only PapE and ME social judgement concern directly affected PapE concerning social face.
CONCLUSION
To prevent PapE, it seems necessary for health professionals to primarily focus on ME, and then on other factors such as PapE, dispositional embarrassability, ME social judgement, and general characteristics (i.e. education and psychological experience) alongside ME.

Keyword

Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Embarrassment

MeSH Terms

Education
Female
Health Occupations
Humans
Mass Screening*
Papanicolaou Test*
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*
Surveys and Questionnaires

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Hypothetical Path Model of Pap Smear Embarrassment.

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  Fig. 2 Path Diagram of Final Model of Pap Smear Embarrassment.

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