Korean J Community Nutr.  2012 Jun;17(3):329-340. 10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.3.329.

Nutrient Intake, Lifestyle Factors and Prevalent Hypertension in Korean Adults: Results from 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Koo S
• Kim Y
• Kim MK
• Yoon JS
• Park K

• KMID: 2267407
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.3.329

Abstract

Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that changes in diet and lifestyle factors can prevent the development of hypertension, but the combined effects of these modifiable factors on hypertension are not well established. The objective of this study is to investigate associations of diet and lifestyle factors, evaluated both individually and in combination, with prevalent hypertension among Korean adults. We analyzed data obtained from the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design. The associations of 12 nutrient intakes and lifestyle factors with risk of hypertension were explored using restricted cubic spline regression and logistic regression models among 6,351 adults. Total energy and several nutrients and minerals, including, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and sodium, showed non-linear relationships with the risk of prevalent hypertension. In multivariate logistic regression models, dietary score, obesity and alcohol intake were independently associated with the risk of prevalent hypertension, but smoking and physical activity were not. Overall, participants whose dietary habits and lifestyle factors were all in the low-risk group had 68% lower prevalence of hypertension (OR: 0.32, 95 CI: 0.14-0.74) compared to those who were at least one in the high-risk group of any dietary or lifestyle factors. The result suggests that combined optimal lifestyle habits are strongly associated with lower prevalence of hypertension among Korean adults.

Keyword

hypertension; lifestyle factors; Korean adults

MeSH Terms

Adult
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Food Habits
Humans
Hypertension
Life Style
Logistic Models
Minerals
Motor Activity
Nutrition Surveys
Obesity
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Sodium
Vitamin A
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Minerals
Smoke
Sodium
Vitamin A

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flowchart for the subjects of present analysis. 1) Implausible estimates of total energy intake; age and sex specific total energy intake less than 25% of estimated energy requirements (EER) or more than 300% of EER.

• 

  Fig. 2 Odds ratios (95% CI) for the non-linear relationships between nutrient intakes (NAR) and the risk of prevalent hypertension, evaluated using restricted cubic spline regression, adjusting for age, sex and total energy intakes.

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