Ann Rehabil Med.  2011 Jun;35(3):328-336. 10.5535/arm.2011.35.3.328.

Correlations between Pre-morbid Personality and Depression Scales in Stroke Patients

• Hwang SI
• Choi KI
• Park OT
• Park SW
• Choi ES
• Yi SH

• KMID: 2266851
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.3.328

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the correlation between pre-morbid personality and depression scales in patients with stroke. METHOD: The subjects of this study included 45 patients with stroke and their caregivers. We conducted an interview of patients with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and also evaluated general characteristic (age, sex, location of lesion, cause of stroke, duration of illness, educational background, history of medication for depression) and functional level. Caregivers were evaluated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) for depressive mood, with NEO-PI (Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness Personality Inventory) for pre-morbid personality. The results of each questionnaire were analyzed in order to investigate their correlation. The results were statistically analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test.
RESULTS
The HRSD score of the caregivers had a significant correlation with the BDI score (p=0.001) of the patients. The BDI score correlated with Neuroticism (p=0.021) and the HRSD score also correlated with Neuroticism (p=0.015). There were no statistical correlation of depression with sex, age, case of stroke, location of lesion, duration of illness and functional level.
CONCLUSION
Among pre-morbid personalities, neuroticism of NEO-PI is the only factor which is significantly correlated with depression scales in stroke patients. Evaluating pre-morbid personality can be helpful in predicting the depressive mood in stroke patients, so we may have early intervention for it.

Keyword

Stroke; Depression; Personality; Caregiver

MeSH Terms

Anxiety Disorders
Caregivers
Depression
Early Intervention (Education)
Extraversion (Psychology)
Humans
Stroke
Weights and Measures
Anxiety Disorders

Reference

1. Kim JM, Shin HY. Diagnosis and treatment of poststroke depression. Korean J Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 12:89–97.

2. Angelelli P, Paolucci S, Bivona U, Piccardi L, Ciurli P, Cantagallo A, Antonucci G, Fasotti L, Di Santantonio A, Grasso MG, et al. Development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in poststroke patients: a cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004; 110:55–63. PMID: 15180780.

3. Richard LH, Elliot JR, David Y. Braddom RL, editor. Rehabilitation in stroke syndromes. Physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2007. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Sauders;p. 1195.

4. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Kalmar K, Langenbahn DM, Malec JF, Bergquist TF, Felicetti T, Giacino JT, Harley JP, Harrington DE, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: recommendations for clinical practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000; 81:1596–1615. PMID: 11128897.

5. Downhill JE Jr, Robinson RG. Longitudinal assessment of depression and cognitive impairment following stroke. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994; 182:425–431. PMID: 8040651.

6. Gall A. Post stroke depression. Hosp Med. 2001; 62:268–273. PMID: 11385885.

7. Hirschfeld RM, Klerman GL, Lavori P, Keller MB, Griffith P, Coryell W. Premorbid personality assessments of first onset of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46:345–350. PMID: 2649038.

8. Widiger TA, Trull TJ. Personality and psychopathology: an application of the five-factor model. J Pers. 1992; 60:363–393. PMID: 1635047.

9. Lee MK, Lee YH, Park SH, Sohn CH, Jung YJ, Hong SK, Lee BK, Jang PL, Yun AL. A standardization study of beck depression inventory (I): Korean version (K-BDI): reliability land factor analysis. Korean J Psychopathol. 1995; 4:77–95.

10. Piedmont RL, McCrae RR, Costa PT Jr. An assessment of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule from the perspective of the five-factor model. J Pers Assess. 1992; 58:67–78. PMID: 1545345.

11. Kang YS. A study on disturbing behaviors of demented elderly staying at home. [dissertation]. 2000. Busan: Pusan National Uni versity.

12. Robinson RG, Starr LB, Kubos KL, Price TR. A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: findings during the initial evaluation. Stroke. 1983; 14:736–741. PMID: 6658957.

13. Astrom M, Adolfsson R, Asplund K. Major depression in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke. 1993; 24:976–982. PMID: 8322398.

14. Robinson RG, Spalletta G. Poststroke depression: a review. Can J Psychiatry. 2010; 55:341–349. PMID: 20540828.

15. Lipsey JR, Spencer WC, Rabins PV, Robinson RG. Phenomenological comparison of poststroke depression and functional depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1986; 143:527–529. PMID: 3953895.

16. Jorge RE, Starkstein SE, Robinson RG. Apathy following stroke. Can J Psychiatry. 2010; 55:350–354. PMID: 20540829.

17. Pyun SB, Kim SJ. Life satisfaction of individuals with disabling conditions. J Korean Acad Rehabil Med. 1994; 18:532–543.

18. Aben I, Verhey F, Lousberg R, Lodder J, Honig A. Validity of the beck depression inventory, hospital anxiety and depression scale, SCL-90, and hamilton depression rating scale as screening instruments for depression in stroke patients. Psychosomatics. 2002; 43:386–393. PMID: 12297607.

19. Robinson RG, Kubos KL, Starr LB, Rao K, Price TR. Mood disorders in stroke patients. Importance of location of lesion. Brain. 1984; 107:81–93. PMID: 6697163.

20. Morris P, Robinson RG, Raphael B. Prevalence and course of depressive disorders in hospitalized stroke patients. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1990; 20:349–364. PMID: 2086522.

21. Carson AJ, MacHale S, Allen K, Lawrie SM, Dennis M, House A, Sharpe M. Depression after stroke and lesion location: a systematic review. Lancet. 2000; 356:122–126. PMID: 10963248.

22. Paolucci S, Gandolfo C, Provinciali L, Torta R, Sommacal S, Toso V. Quantification of the risk of post stroke depression: the Italian multicenter observational study DESTRO. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005; 112:272–278. PMID: 16156834.

23. Kaji Y, Hirata K, Ebata A. Characteristics of post-stroke depression in Japanese patients. Neuropsychobiology. 2006; 53:148–152. PMID: 16707913.

24. Botwin MD, Buss DM. Structure of act-report data: is the five-factor model of personality recaptured? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989; 56:988–1001. PMID: 2746460.

25. Draper TW, Holman TB. Locating the big five personality factors in the relate relationship evaluation measures. Psychol Rep. 2005; 97:877–886. PMID: 16512307.

26. Peabody D, Goldberg LR. Some determinants of factor structures from personality-trait descriptors. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989; 57:552–567. PMID: 2778639.

27. Goldberg LR. An alternative "description of personality": the big-five factor structure. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990; 59:1216–1229. PMID: 2283588.

28. McCrae RR, Costa PT Jr. Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987; 52:81–90. PMID: 3820081.

29. Aben I, Lodder J, Honig A, Lousberg R, Boreas A, Verhey F. Focal or generalized vascular brain damage and vulnerability to depression after stroke: a 1-year prospective follow-up study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2006; 18:19–35. PMID: 16403249.

30. Aben I, Denollet J, Lousberg R, Verhey F, Wojciechowski F, Honig A. Personality and vulnerability to depression in stroke patients: a 1-year prospective follow-up study. Stroke. 2002; 33:2391–2395. PMID: 12364726.

31. Greenop KR, Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, van Bockxmeer F, Lautenschlager NT. Premorbid personality traits are associated with post-stroke behavioral and psychological symptoms: a three-month follow-up study in Perth, Western Australia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009; 21:1063–1071. PMID: 19586564.

32. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR. Domains and facets: hierarchical personality assessment using the revised NEO personality inventory. J Pers Assess. 1995; 64:21–50. PMID: 16367732.

33. Hopwood CJ, Morey LC, Ansell EB, Grilo CM, Sanislow CA, McGlashan TH, Markowitz JC, Gunderson JG, Yen S, Shea MT, et al. The convergent and discriminant validity of five-factor traits: current and prospective social, work, and recreational dysfunction. J Pers Disord. 2009; 23:466–476. PMID: 19817628.