Clinical Characteristics of Non-diabetic Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Lee, Seung Chul; Ryu, Dong Ryeol; Kim, Hyung Jong; Yoo, Tae Hyun; Choi, Hoon Young; Kim, Joo Seong; Chang, Tae Ik; Lee, Jung Eun; Park, Jung Tak; Moon, Yong Wha; Kim, Byung Chang; Choi, Kyu Hun; Lee, Ho Yung; Han, Dae Suk; Kang, Shin Wook

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Non-diabetic renal diseases are accompanied in 9-66% of type 2 diabetic patients and some clinical and laboratory findings are known as predictors of these non-diabetic renal disease. In Korea, however, there have been few studies on the clinical and pathologic findings of non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of non-diabetic renal disease and to clarify the factors that could predict non-diabetic renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The medical records of type 2 diabetic patients who were over 20 years old and underwent renal biopsy between January, 1994 and December, 2003, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were enrolled. Persistent hematuria (25.0%) was the leading reason for renal biopsy in type 2 diabetic patients, followed by sudden onset of nephrotic-range proteinuria (23.2 %), short duration (<10 years) of DM (23.2%), rapid deterioration of renal function (17.9%), and absence of diabetic retinopathy (8.9%). Renal biopsy revealed diabetic nephropathy (DN) in 20 patients (35.7%), non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in 33 patients (58.9%), and NDRD with concomitant DN in 3 patients (5.4%). The most common NDRD was membranous nephropathy, accompanied in 9 patients (16.1 %), followed by minimal change disease (10.7%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (8.9%). When the patients were divided into DN (20 patients) and NDRD (36 patients) groups, NDRD group had significantly shorter duration of DM, more patients with hematuria, and less patients with DM retinopathy. In contrast, there were no differences in age, sex, blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, albumin, and total cholesterol levels, 24 hr urinary protein and albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, and proportion of patients with DM neuropathy between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the duration of DM, the presence of hematuria, and the presence of retinopathy between DN and NDRD groups. Therefore, we must consider NDRD in type II DM patients with short duration of DM, hematuria or without retinopathy.