Reversal of arterial stiffness by treatment with the angiotensin receptor antagonist irbesartan in essential hypertension

Kang, Ja Young; Choi, Hyun Ah; Yoon, Hong Sun; Yu, Sung Hoon; Song, Min Joon; Chang, Eugene; Kim, Hun Sung; Shin, Hyun Ho; Park, Jeong Bae; Lee, Won Ro

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alterations of mechanical properties in the vasculature may contribute to complications of hypertension. Since angiotensin II plays a pivotal role in these vascular abnormalities, we tested the hypothesis that the AT1 angiotensin receptor antagonist irbesartan, in contrast to the beta-blocker atenolol, would correct artery stiffness in essential hypertensive patients.
METHODS
Thirty untreated essential hypertensive patients (48 +/- 7 years, range 35-65; 72% male) were randomly assigned in a single-blind fashion to irbesartan or atenolol treatment for 6 months. Fifty one age/sex-matched normotensive subjects were also studied. Systemic arterial stiffness (augmentation index; AI) was measured by the pressure transfer function using radial pulse tonometry.
RESULTS
Both treatments reduced blood pressure (BP) to a comparable degree (irbesartan: 160 +/- 19/105 +/- 13 to 133 +/- 16/92 +/- 10 mmHg, p<0.01; atenolol: 166 +/- 17/113 +/- 9 to 132 +/- 15/90 +/- 8 mmHg, p<0.01). Other hemodynamic parameters of peripheral and central arteries showed similar degree of reduction, except significant reduction of central pulse pressure with irbesartan treatment (42 +/- 20 to 29 +/- 8 mmHg, p=0.01 vs 41 +/- 14 to 34 +/- 12 mmHg of atenolol treatment). After 6-month treatment, systemic arterial stiffness (AI) was significantly reduced from 28 +/- 11 to 21 +/- 11% (p=0.01) after irbesartan but atenolol treatment showed no change (from 29 +/- 8 to 29 +/- 13%). Reversal of arterial stiffness correlated mostly with reduction of central pulse pressure (r=0.63, p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
The AT1 angiotensin antagonist irbesartan corrected the altered arterial stiffness from patients with essential hypertension by reduction of central pulse pressure, whereas the beta-blocker atenolol had no effect.