J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2012 Dec;53(12):1719-1726. 10.3341/jkos.2012.53.12.1719.

Accommodation and Convergence, Anomalies of Convergence

• Paik HJ
• Lim HT

• KMID: 2216381
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.12.1719

Abstract

PURPOSE
Accommodation and convergence, the main factors of near vision complex on near vision associated with miosis are essential ocular movements for binocularity. Therefore, we attempted to find appropriate treatments for anomalies of accommodation and convergence.
METHODS
The basic theories and anomalies of accommodation and convergence were reviewed. Various treatment modalities for anomalies of convergence were discussed and treatment guidelines were proposed.
RESULTS
Anomalies of convergence were classified into convergence insufficiency, convergence insufficiency associated with accommodative insufficiency, convergence paralysis, convergence spasm, and convergence excess. Treatment was divided into non-surgical and surgical methods which include not only vision therapy and optical treatment using a prism after cycloplegic refraction, but also rectus muscle surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
The choice of effective treatments according to various causes is necessary for anomalies of accommodation and convergence through complete eye examinations. Thus, not only simple refractive error measurement and glasses prescription for best corrected visual acuity are necessary, but also active treatment by fundamental ophthalmic and neurologic evaluation in hospitals.

Keyword

Accommodation; Anomalies of convergence; Convergence; Fundamental ophthalmic examination; Vision therapy

MeSH Terms

Eye
Eyeglasses
Glass
Miosis
Muscles
Ocular Motility Disorders
Paralysis
Prescriptions
Refractive Errors
Spasm
Telescopes
Vision, Ocular
Visual Acuity

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