J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg.  1999 Sep;26(5):1040-1048.

A Comparative Analysis in the Correction of Hemifacial Microsomia by Intraoral versus Extraoral Mandibular Destractor

• Han K
• Shin KS
• Son DG

Abstract

Numerous surgical procedures have been advocated to correct the facial deformity in patients with hemifacial microsomia, including chondrocostal grafts, mandibular osteotomies combined with bone grafts, and maxillary osteotomies done at an early age after permanent dentition is completed. The standard treatment of these malformations consists of the application of bone grafts which can lead to unpredictable growth. Furthermore, these procedures often require intermaxillary fixation, blood transfusions and sometimes tracheostomies. Lengthening of the mandible by gradual distraction, according to the method of Ilizarov, opens new perspectives for interceptive therapy. Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that mandibular distraction is an effective and powerful reconstructive surgical technique. Lengthening of the mandible by gradual distraction was performed on five patients of hemifacial microsomia and one patient of Goldenhar syndrome using unidirectional or bidirectional extraoral device and intraoral device. In two patinets, simultaneous mandibular and maxillary distraction was performed with incomplete Le Fort I osteotomy. The amount of mandibular bone lengthening ranged from 8 to 21 mm, the patinets were maintained in fixation for an average of 12 weeks to allow ossification. There was no severe perioperative complication and the length of clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 17 months. The skeletal change resulting from directional bone lengthening could be seen best by comparing the pre-and postoperative 3-D CT scans. There was also the potential for improvement in neuromuscular function (functional matrix), attendant growth and development of the affected jaw. Mandibular distraction is a simple procedure with minimal morbity and complications, so the results to date indicated that the technique can be applied to the correction of hemifacial microsomia. The development of new devices should permit multidirectional mandibular distraction and craniofacial distraction to allow early reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial malformations. Distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of the mandible in this subest of young patients was a safe and effective technique for improving the craniofacial skeletal form and appearance, with minimal associated morbidity.

MeSH Terms

Blood Transfusion
Bone Lengthening
Congenital Abnormalities
Dentition, Permanent
Follow-Up Studies
Goldenhar Syndrome*
Growth and Development
Humans
Jaw
Mandible
Mandibular Osteotomy
Maxillary Osteotomy
Osteogenesis, Distraction
Osteotomy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Tracheostomy
Transplants