1. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2003. 26:1553–1579.
2. Pfeifer MA, Weinberg CR, Cook DL, Reenan A, Halter JB, Ensinck JW, Porte D Jr. Autonomic neural dysfunction in recently diagnosed diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1984. 7:447–453.
3. Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI, Freeman R. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2003. 26:1895–1901.
4. Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, Fonseca V, Fleg JL, Hoogwerf BJ, Genuth S, Grimm RH, Corson MA, Prineas R. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2010. 33:1578–1584.
5. Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, Davey JA, Barrett EJ, Taillefer R, Heller GV, Iskandrian AE, Wittlin SD, Filipchuk N, Ratner RE, Inzucchi SE. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009. 301:1547–1555.
6. Ko SH, Song KH, Park SA, Kim SR, Cha BY, Son HY, Moon KW, Yoo KD, Park YM, Cho JH, Yoon KH, Ahn YB. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 7-year follow-up study. Diabet Med. 2008. 25:1171–1177.
7. Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010. 55:1318–1327.
8. Choi CU, Park CG. Future trends in measuring blood pressure: central pressure, pulse wave velocity, and pulse wave analysis. Korean J Med. 2009. 76:389–397.
9. Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002. 25:359–364.
10. Kobayashi K, Akishita M, Yu W, Hashimoto M, Ohni M, Toba K. Interrelationship between non-invasive measurements of atherosclerosis: flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery, carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity. Atherosclerosis. 2004. 173:13–18.
11. Koji Y, Tomiyama H, Ichihashi H, Nagae T, Tanaka N, Takazawa K, Ishimaru S, Yamashina A. Comparison of ankle-brachial pressure index and pulse wave velocity as markers of the presence of coronary artery disease in subjects with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2004. 94:868–872.
12. Aso K, Miyata M, Kubo T, Hashiguchi H, Fukudome M, Fukushige E, Koriyama N, Nakazaki M, Minagoe S, Tei C. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is useful for evaluation of complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Hypertens Res. 2003. 26:807–813.
13. Bae YP, Yi BD, Kim BG, Park JH, Kwon YS, Park JY, Lee CW, Kim BH, Jang JS. Relationships between cardiac autonomic neuropathy and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetics. Endocrinol Metab. 2011. 26:44–52.
14. Meyer C, Milat F, McGrath BP, Cameron J, Kotsopoulos D, Teede HJ. Vascular dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004. 21:746–751.
15. Sa Cunha R, Pannier B, Benetos A, Siche JP, London GM, Mallion JM, Safar ME. Association between high heart rate and high arterial rigidity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens. 1997. 15:1423–1430.
16. Lin YD, Hsu KL, Wu ET, Tsai MS, Wang CH, Chang CY, Chang KC. Autonomic neuropathy precedes cardiovascular dysfunction in rats with diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008. 38:607–614.
17. Prince CT, Secrest AM, Mackey RH, Arena VC, Kingsley LA, Orchard TJ. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, HDL cholesterol, and smoking correlate with arterial stiffness markers determined 18 years later in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010. 33:652–657.
18. Witte DR, Tesfaye S, Chaturvedi N, Eaton SE, Kempler P, Fuller JH. Risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2005. 48:164–171.