Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.  2016 Jul;8(4):329-337. 10.4168/aair.2016.8.4.329.

Detection of Allergen Specific Antibodies From Nasal Secretion of Allergic Rhinitis Patients

• Kim JH
• Yoon MG
• Seo DH
• Kim BS
• Ban GY
• Ye YM
• Shin YS
• Park HS

• KMID: 2165916
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2016.8.4.329

Abstract

PURPOSE
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common and increasing disease in which Dermatophagoides (D.) farinae is one of the most common causative allergens. The aims of this study were to confirm the presence of locally produced antibodies to D. farinae in nasal secretions between nasal provocation test (NPT)-positive and -negative groups of AR patients, to evaluate their relationships with the levels of inflammatory mediators, and to determine adaptive and innate immune responses in nasal mucosa.
METHODS
Sixty AR patients sensitive to house dust mites confirmed by skin prick test or serum specific IgE to D. farinae underwent NPT for D. farinae. Nasal packs were placed in both nasal cavities of the patients for 5 minutes to obtain nasal secretions after NPT. The levels of total IgE, specific IgE to D. farinae, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and tryptase in nasal secretions were detected by using ImmunoCAP. The levels of specific IgE, IgA, and secretory IgA antibodies to D. farinae in nasal secretions were measured by using ELISA. The levels of IL-8, VEGF, IL-25, and IL-33 were also measured by using ELISA.
RESULTS
High levels of total IgE, specific IgE, specific IgA, and secretory IgA to D. farinae, as well as inflammatory mediators, such as ECP, IL-8, VEGF and tryptase, were detected in nasal secretions, although the differences were not statistically significant between the NPT-positive and NPT-negative groups. Levels of all immunoglobulins measured in this study significantly correlated with ECP, IL-8, and VEGF (P<0.05), but not with tryptase (P>0.05). IL-33 and IL-25 were also detected, and IL-25 level significantly correlated with IL-8 (r=0.625, P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings confirmed the presence of locally produced specific antibodies, including D. farinae-specific IgE and IgA, in nasal secretions collected from D. farinae-sensitive AR patients in both the NPT-positive and NPT-negative groups, and close correlations were noted between antibodies and nasal inflammatory mediators, including such as ECP, IL-8 and VEGF, indicating that locally produced antibodies may be involved in the nasal inflammation of AR.

Keyword

Allergic rhinitis; nasal mucosa; local specific antibody

MeSH Terms

Allergens
Antibodies*
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Eosinophil Cationic Protein
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulins
Inflammation
Interleukin-8
Nasal Cavity
Nasal Mucosa
Nasal Provocation Tests
Pyroglyphidae
Rhinitis*
Skin
Tryptases
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Allergens
Antibodies
Eosinophil Cationic Protein
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulins
Interleukin-8
Tryptases
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Detection of local specific antibodies in the nasal secretion of the NPT-positive and NPT-negative groups. (A) Total IgE, (B) specific IgE to D. farinae were detected by using the ImmunoCAP, (C) specific IgE to D. farinae, (D) specific IgA to D. farinae, and (E) secretory IgA to D. farinae were measured by using ELISA. The horizontal bars indicate positive cutoff values (mean+3 SD). All values were adjusted for the protein ratio. NPT, nasal provocation test.

• 

  Fig. 2 Detection of inflammatory mediators in the nasal secretion of the NPT-positive and NPT-negative groups. The levels of (A) ECP, (B) tryptase, (C) IL-8, and (D) VEGF were measured. The horizontal bars indicate positive cutoff values (mean+3 SD). All values were adjusted for the protein ratio. NPT, nasal provocation test; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; IL, interleukin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

• 

  Fig. 3 Detection of (A) IL-33 and (B) IL-25 in the nasal secretion of the NPT-positive and NPT-negative groups. The horizontal bars indicate positive cutoff values (mean+3 SD). All values were adjusted for the protein ratio. IL, interleukin; NPT, nasal provocation test.

• 

  Fig. 4 Correlation of ECP levels with local specific antibodies in nasal secretions. (A) Total IgE, (B) specific IgE to D. farinae, (C) specific IgE to D. farinae, (D) specific IgA to D. farinae, and (E) secretory IgA to D. farinae were measured. All values were adjusted for the protein ratio. Pearson's rank correlation coefficients were applied to the test. ECP, eosinophil cationic protein.

• 

  Fig. 5 Correlation of VEGF levels with local specific antibodies in nasal secretions. VEGF levels were measured by using ELISA. (A) Total IgE, (B) specific IgE to D. farinae, (C) specific IgE to D. farinae, (D) specific IgA to D. farinae, and (E) secretory IgA to D. farinae were measured. All values were adjusted for the protein ratio. Pearson's rank correlation coefficients were applied to the test. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

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