J Korean Med Sci.  2015 Jul;30(7):924-931. 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.924.

Effect of Prophylactic Palivizumab on Admission Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Former Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

• Han YM
• Seo HJ
• Choi SH
• Jung YJ
• Ahn SY
• Yoo HS
• Sung SI
• Shim JW
• Lee YK
• Ko SY
• Shin SM
• Hwang JH
• Lee JH
• Choi BM
• Kim ES
• Jeon JH
• Kim SS
• Chang YS
• Park WS

• KMID: 2164478
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.924

Abstract

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of prophylactic palivizumab on hospitalization secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (RSVhospitalization) in former very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study also sought to identify the risk factors of RSVhospitalizationin this particular infant population. A prospective observational study was conducted between September 2007 and April 2008 in seven Korean hospitals. Children with a history of very low birth weight, a diagnosis of BPD and who were <2 yr old at the onset of the RSV season were included in this study. Palivizumab injections were administered monthly for a maximum of five months during the RSV season. RSVhospitalization rates were reviewed, and RSVhospitalization rates between subgroups were categorized by gestational age, birth weight, and duration of ventilator care. A total of 90 subjects completed the follow-up interviews. The mean gestational age at birth was 26.1+/-1.7 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 889.4+/-222.2 g. The incidence of RSVhospitalization in the study population was 8.9% (8/90), and the mean hospital stay was 11.0+/-5.5 days, including one death. There were no statistically significant differences in the patients' demographic characteristics or risk factors for RSV hospitalization. When subgroup analyses were conducted, there were still no statistically significant differences. The administration of palivizumab prophylaxis during the entire RSV season is important in VLBWI with BPD, regardless of their gestational age and birth weight, or previous ventilator dependency.

Keyword

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Palivizumab; Hospitalization; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Preterm; Infant

MeSH Terms

Antibiotic Prophylaxis/*methods
Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use
Birth Weight
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/*complications
Female
Gestational Age
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
*Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
Length of Stay
Male
Palivizumab/*therapeutic use
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects
Risk
Risk Factors
Antiviral Agents
Palivizumab

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Respiratory virus-related hospitalization rates according to the number of palivizumab injections. V1, visit for first palivizumab injection; RSV RH, respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization; Palivizumab No., Number of patients who received the injection.

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  Fig. 2 Comparisons of RSV hospitalization in VLBWI with BPD according to gestational age groups (P = 0.023). RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; VLBWI, very low birth weight infants; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; RSV RH, respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization.

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