Korean J Orthod.  2015 Nov;45(6):308-321. 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.308.

Cephalometric predictors of treatment outcome with mandibular advancement devices in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review

• Alessandri-Bonetti G
• Ippolito D
• Bartolucci ML
• D'Anto V
• Incerti-Parenti S

• KMID: 2130593
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.308

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ranges between 42% and 65%. However, it is still unclear which predictive factors can be used to select suitable patients for MAD treatment. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcomes in adult OSA patients.
METHODS
The MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through December 2014. Reference lists from the retrieved publications were also examined. English language studies published in international peer-reviewed journals concerning the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcome were considered for inclusion. Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and ascertained the quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Fifteen eligible studies were identified. Most of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric measurements examined were widely recognized as not prognostic for MAD treatment outcome; however, controversial and limited data were found on the predictive role of certain cephalometric measurements including cranial base angle, mandibular plane angle, hyoid to mandibular plane distance, posterior nasal spine to soft-palate tip distance, anterior nasal spine to epiglottis base distance, and tongue/oral cross sectional area ratio thus justifying additional studies on these parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
Currently available evidence is inadequate for identification of cephalometric parameters capable of reliably discriminating between poor and good responders to MAD treatment. To guide further research, methodological weaknesses of the currently available studies were highlighted and possible reasons for their discordant results were analyzed.

Keyword

Obstructive sleep apnea, Cephalometry; Mandibular advancement

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Epiglottis
Humans
Mandibular Advancement*
Skull Base
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive*
Spine
Treatment Outcome*

Figure

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  Figure 1 Flow chart of literature search and study selection.

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  Figure 2 Diagrammatic representation of landmarks and reference lines. A, Subspinale; ANS, anterior nasal spine; Ar, articulare; B, supramentale; Ba, basion; BT', base of tongue; C2, tangent point on the dorsal surface of C2 vertebra to a line from C4; C3ia, C3 vertebra inferoanterior; C4, C4 vertebra inferoposterior; Cd, condylion; D, the deepest point in posterior cranial fossa; E line, Ricketts-E line; Eb, epiglottis base; Et, tip of epiglottis; FP, Frankfurt Plane; Gn, gnathion; Go, gonion; H (Hy), hyoidale; Iop: internal occipital protuberance; L1i, lower incisor tip; LL, lower lip; Me, menton; MP, mandibular plane; N, nasion; N', soft tissue nasion; OP, occlusal plane; Or, orbitale; P (Ut), soft-palate tip; Phw, posterior pharyngeal wall; PPW', posterior pharyngeal wall interseption; PNS, posterior nasal spine; Po, porion; Pog, pogonion; Pog', soft tissue pogonion; PP, palatal plane; Prn, nasal tip; R, roof of pharynx; RGN, retrognathion; S, sella; SN, S-N plane; Spt, tangent point on a line parallel to PNS-P on the dorsal surface of the soft palate at the maximum width; TT, tongue tip; U6c, maxillary first molar point; U1i, upper incisor tip; UL, upper lip.

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