Korean J Orthod.  2015 Nov;45(6):299-307. 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.299.

Resin bonding of metal brackets to glazed zirconia with a porcelain primer

• Lee JH
• Lee M
• Kim KN
• Hwang CJ

• KMID: 2130592
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.299

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength between orthodontic metal brackets and glazed zirconia using different types of primer before applying resin cement and to determine which primer was more effective.
METHODS
Zirconia blocks were milled and embedded in acrylic resin and randomly assigned to one of four groups: nonglazed zirconia with sandblasting and zirconia primer (NZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and zirconia primer (GZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and porcelain primer (GP); and glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, zirconia primer, and porcelain primer (GZP). A stainless steel metal bracket was bonded to each target surface with resin cement, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling. The shear bond strength of the specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional optical surface-profiler, and stereoscopic microscope were used to image the zirconia surfaces. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance and the Fisher exact test.
RESULTS
Group GZ showed significantly lower shear bond strength than did the other groups. No statistically significant differences were found among groups NZ, GP, and GZP. All specimens in group GZ showed adhesive failure between the zirconia and resin cement. In groups NZ and GP, bonding failed at the interface between the resin cement and bracket base or showed complex adhesive and cohesive failure.
CONCLUSIONS
Porcelain primer is the more appropriate choice for bonding a metal bracket to the surface of a full-contour glazed zirconia crown with resin cement.

Keyword

Bracket bonding; Adhesive; Glazed zirconia; Porcelain primer

MeSH Terms

Adhesives
Crowns
Dental Porcelain*
Resin Cements
Stainless Steel
Adhesives
Dental Porcelain
Resin Cements
Stainless Steel

Figure

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  Figure 1 A, Schematic illustration of the shear-bond-strength test. B, Equipment for measuring shear bond strength.

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  Figure 2 Comparison of the values of shear bond strength. *Statistically significant (p < 0.05). NZ, Nonglazed zirconia with sandblasting and zirconia primer; GZ, glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and zirconia primer; GP, glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and porcelain primer; GZP, glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and both zirconia and porcelain primers.

• 

  Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopy images of zirconia surface (magnification ×1,000). A, Nonglazed zirconia; B, nonglazed zirconia + sandblasting; C, glazed zirconia; and D, glazed zirconia + sandblasting and acid etching.

• 

  Figure 4 Three-dimensional optical profiler images of zirconia surface (magnification ×100). A, Nonglazed zirconia; B, nonglazed zirconia + sandblasting; C, glazed zirconia; and D, glazed zirconia + sandblasting and acid etching. The right side of each figure includes a colorimeter band representing the height of each spot as different color.

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  Figure 5 Stereoscopic micrographs of debonded surfaces (magnification ×16). A, Adhesive failure between zirconia and resin cement; B, adhesive failure between resin cement and bracket base; C, complex adhesive and cohesive failure.

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  Figure 6 Chemical interaction models between primer and various zirconia surfaces. A, Nonglazed zirconia with zirconia primer; B, glazed and roughened zirconia with zirconia primer, showing mismatched interaction between zirconia primer (MDP) and the glazed surface; C, glazed and roughened zirconia with porcelain primer; and D, glazed and roughened zirconia with both primers.

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