J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  1975 Dec;16(4):358-362.

A Study on the Heterophoria in Korean Adult

• Koh EK

Abstract

With the interest on facts and figures relative to heterophoria in symptom-free individuals, a study was performed on 100 healthy Korean adults between the age of 20-42 years. The group studied was a selected group in the sense, and none of the subjects was found to have high refractive errors. They were medical doctors and nurses, that would give very correct answers for each tests. The entire group was tested with Maddox-rod, Maddox-wing and synoptophore after full correction of refractive error. The figures depended upon the sensitivity of the tests used. Of the 100 tested with Maddox-rod and synoptophore 92% (range-7 delta ~ +12 delta) and 94% (-8 delta ~ +12 delta), for far point had hoirzontal heterophoria respectively. It showed no significant difference. On the other hand, Maddox-wing test for near point showed increased percentage of orthophoria (13%), but a tendecy toward exophoria ranging between -12 delta ~ +5 delta. The incidence of hyperphoria was certainly high. Of 100 cases tested, showed hyperphoria 26% with Maddox-rod test and 28% with synoptophore. It was interesting that 23 of 100 subjects had a cyclophoria without correction with cylinder. After wearing of the corneal contact lens to abolish corneal astigmatism, cyclophoria in 4 cases was disappeared. It can be explained by the fast that these 4 had pure optical cyclophoria. The role of cyclophoria in producing symtom could be detected by thorough history taking. 9 of the subjects with cyclophoria complained of asthenopic trouble after prolonged reading. The cyclophoria test is considered to be valuable for the patient who complains of unexplainab Ie eye strain and headache. If previous examinations did not take the cyclophoria into account and if the patient given several pairs of different glasses did not show any relief, the cyclophoria test is especially advisable.

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Astigmatism
Exotropia
Eyeglasses
Glass
Hand
Headache
Humans
Incidence
Ocular Motility Disorders
Refractive Errors