J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2011 Dec;41(6):279-284. 10.5051/jpis.2011.41.6.279.

Profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese

• Benoist HM
• Seck-Diallo A
• Diouf A
• Yabbre S
• Sembene M
• Diallo PD

• KMID: 2094724
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2011.41.6.279

Abstract

PURPOSE
To describe the profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese (West Africans) attending the Institute of Dentistry of Dakar.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted with an inclusion period running from 2001 to 2008. The sample included 413 chronic periodontitis and 151 aggressive periodontitis cases, among them 299 males and 265 females selected from 2,274 records. A Student's independent t-test or Pearson chi-squared test was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The proportion of females with aggressive periodontitis was significantly higher than those with chronic periodontitis (64.9% vs. 40.4%, P<0.001). The aggressive periodontitis patients had an average age of 28.1+/-8.9 years, and had lost less than 3 teeth. Less than a third of them reported using a toothbrush. Attachment loss was as high as 8 mm and severe lesions had spread to an average of 12 teeth with maximum alveolar bone loss up to 80%. The chronic periodontitis patients had an average age of 44.9+/-14.0 and had lost on average less than 3 teeth. Nearly 75% used a toothbrush. Attachment loss was significantly higher and lesions were more extensive in the aggressive periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is associated with risk factors such as smoking or diabetes mellitus in 12.8% versus 0.7% in aggressive periodontitis (P<0.001). Differences between the two groups for most clinical and radiographic parameters were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The profile of aggressive periodontist is characterized by more severe lesions than chronic periodontitis, whereas tooth loss experience is similar in both forms.

Keyword

Aggressive periodontitis; Chronic periodontitis; Epidemiology; Periodontal diseases; Risk factors

MeSH Terms

Aggressive Periodontitis
Alveolar Bone Loss
Chronic Periodontitis
Dentistry
Diabetes Mellitus
Female
Humans
Male
Morpholines
Oxazolidinones
Periodontal Diseases
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Running
Smoke
Smoking
Tooth
Tooth Loss
Morpholines
Oxazolidinones
Smoke

Figure

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  Figure 1 Buccal view of chronic periodontitis among male 45 years with no systemic disease or risk factors showing attachment loss and a significant amount of local factors.

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  Figure 2 Buccal view of an aggressive periodontitis case in a 21-year-old female with no systemic disease or risk factors, showing discrete inflammation of the gingiva and very few local factors with the presence of diastema.

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  Figure 3 Panoramic radiograph of the same case in the previous figure (female, 21 years) showing alveolar bone levels, missing teeth, and the presence of alveolar bone defects.

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  Figure 4 Histogram of age distribution among periodontitis patients showing two peaks. Std. Dev.: standard deviation.

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  Figure 5 Box plot diagram of the age distribution by gender in patients with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. A greater variability of age among females and several outliers were observed in the aggressive form.

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