Korean Circ J.  2007 Sep;37(9):414-418. 10.4070/kcj.2007.37.9.414.

Effects of Smoking on the Pulse Wave Velocity and Ankle Brachial Index in Adolescents

• Koo HS
• Gil TY
• Lee HW
• Lee K
• Hong YM

• KMID: 2093977
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2007.37.9.414

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking is known to increase arterial stiffness in adults. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is known as an established index of arterial stiffness. The effects of smoking on the PWV in adolescents have not yet been established. We measured the PWV and ankle-brachial index (ABI) in adolescents to determine the effects of smoking on adolescents.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Four hundred twenty-seven adolescents between 14 to 16 years of age were enrolled from three high schools in Seoul, Korea. The study group was comprised of 48 smokers (38 males and 10 females) and 379 nonsmokers (254 males and 125 females). Measurements of the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were performed. The blood pressures of the extremities, and the PWV, the ABI, the ejection time and the pre-ejection period were measured using an automatic device (VP-1000). Among the smoking group, we investigated the association between the duration of smoking, the age at which smoking started and the total number of cigarettes smoked with the PWV and ABI.
RESULTS
The brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) in the smoking group was higher than that of the non-smoking group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the ABI of the two groups. Among the smokers, the heart-brachial PWV (hbPWV) was significantly associated with the duration of smoking and the total number of cigarettes smoked.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed no significant difference in the PWV between the two groups. A longitudinal, long-term investigation is needed to more accurately determine the effects of smoking on adolescents.

Keyword

Smoking; Adolescent; Pulse

MeSH Terms

Adolescent*
Adult
Ankle Brachial Index*
Ankle*
Body Mass Index
Extremities
Humans
Korea
Male
Pulse Wave Analysis*
Seoul
Smoke*
Smoking*
Tobacco Products
Vascular Stiffness
Smoke

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Linear correlation between the duration of smoking and the hbPWV in the smoking group. hbPWV: heart-brachial pulse wave velocity.

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  Fig. 2 Linear correlation between log-transformed total number of cigarettes smoked and the hbPWV in the smoking group. hbPWV: heart-brachial pulse wave velocity.

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