J Adv Prosthodont.  2015 Oct;7(5):400-405. 10.4047/jap.2015.7.5.400.

The effect of powder A2/powder A3 mixing ratio on color and translucency parameters of dental porcelain

• Lee WS
• Kim SY
• Kim JH
• Kim WC
• Kim HY

• KMID: 2083884
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.5.400

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to mix dental ceramic powder in varying ratios and evaluate the effect of the mixing ratio on color and translucency.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ceramic powder of shade A3 of the same product was mixed with the shade A2 of three products: IPS e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Vintage Halo (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Ceramco 3 (Ceramco-Dentsply, Burlington, NJ, USA) in the following fixed ratios (0 wt%, 25 wt%, 50 wt%, 75 wt%, and 100 wt%) and then fired. A total of 150 specimen of ceramic fired were manufactured in a regular size (W: 8.5 mm, L: 10.5 mm, and H: 1.5 mm). For color and translucency, L*, a*, and b* were measured and Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS
The higher the mixing ratio was, L*, a*, and b* of IPS e.max Ceram were all increased, and L* of Vintage Halo was reduced and a* and b* were increased. L* and a* of Ceramco3 were reduced and b* of Ceramco3 was increased. Color difference (DeltaE*ab) was increased in all three products as the mixing ratio got higher. Increased mixing ratios resulted in decreased translucency parameter (TP) values for IPS e.max Ceram but increased TP values for Vintage Halo and Ceramco3.
CONCLUSION
In this limited study, CIE L*, a*, and b* were influenced by the mixing ratio of the A3 powders and porcelain powder mixtures represented a various color and translucency.

Keyword

Dental porcelain; CIELAB; Color; Translucency

MeSH Terms

Ceramics
Dental Porcelain*
Fires
Powders
Statistics as Topic
Ceramics
Dental Porcelain
Powders

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Color differences (ΔE) among three products depending on mixi ng ratio. # Different letters represent significant differences by the Tukey multiple comparison (P < .05).

Reference

1. Paravina RD, Majkic G, Imai FH, Powers JM. Optimization of tooth color and shade guide design. J Prosthodont. 2007; 16:269–276.

2. Paravina RD. Performance assessment of dental shade guides. J Dent. 2009; 37:e15–e20.

3. Ginzburg M, Gilboa I. Tooth color matching systems and communication with dental laboratory in indirect restorations: 2011 update. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim (1993). 2012; 29:28–34. 64

4. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. 4th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences;2006.

5. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE). Colorimetry. Publication CIE No. 15.3. 3rd ed. Vienna, Austria: Central Bureau of the CIE;2004.

6. Lee YK, Powers JM. Calculation of colour resulting from composite/compomer layering techniques. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31:1102–1108.

7. Alshiddi IF, Richards LC. A comparison of conventional visual and spectrophotometric shade taking by trained and untrained dental students. Aust Dent J. 2015; 60:176–181.

8. Kröger E, Matz S, Dekiff M, Tran BL, Figgener L, Dirksen D. In vitro comparison of instrumental and visual tooth shade determination under different illuminants. J Prosthet Dent. 2015; 09. 04.

9. Wang J, Lin J, Gil M, Seliger A, Da Silva JD, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Assessing the accuracy of computer color matching with a new dental porcelain shade system. J Prosthet Dent. 2014; 111:247–253.

10. AlGhazali N, Burnside G, Smith RW, Preston AJ, Jarad FD. Performance assessment of Vita Easy Shade spectrophotometer on colour measurement of aesthetic dental materials. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2011; 19:168–174.

11. Al Hamad KQ, Qadan MM, Al Wahadni AM. Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Influence of Metal Alloy Choice, Opaque Thickness, and Repeated Firing on the Shade of Metal Ceramic Restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015; 01. 30.

12. Odaira C, Itoh S, Ishibashi K. Clinical evaluation of a dental color analysis system: the Crystaleye Spectrophotometer®. J Prosthodont Res. 2011; 55:199–205.

13. Suárez MJ, Lozano JF, Paz Salido M, Martínez F. Three-year clinical evaluation of In-Ceram Zirconia posterior FPDs. Int J Prosthodont. 2004; 17:35–38.

14. Ahn JS, Lee YK. Difference in the translucency of all-ceramics by the illuminant. Dent Mater. 2008; 24:1539–1544.

15. Kursoglu P, Karagoz Motro PF, Kazazoglu E. Translucency of ceramic material in different core-veneer combinations. J Prosthet Dent. 2015; 113:48–53.

16. Jiang L, Liao Y, Wan Q, Li W. Effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of zirconium dioxide dental ceramic. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2011; 22:2429–2435.

17. Yilmaz B, Ozçelik TB, Wee AG. Effect of repeated firings on the color of opaque porcelain applied on different dental alloys. J Prosthet Dent. 2009; 101:395–404.

18. Yılmaz K, Gonuldas F, Ozturk C. The effect of repeated firings on the color change of dental ceramics using different glazing methods. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014; 6:427–433.

19. Ozturk O, Uludag B, Usumez A, Sahin V, Celik G. The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of two all-ceramic systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 100:99–106.

20. Celik G, Uludag B, Usumez A, Sahin V, Ozturk O, Goktug G. The effect of repeated firings on the color of an all-ceramic system with two different veneering porcelain shades. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 99:203–208.

21. Sahin V, Uludag B, Usumez A, Ozkir SE. The effect of repeated firings on the color of an alumina ceramic system with two different veneering porcelain shades. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 104:372–378.

22. Cho MS, Lee YK, Lim BS, Lim YJ. Changes in optical properties of enamel porcelain after repeated external staining. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:437–443.

23. Kim HK, Kim SH, Lee JB, Han JS, Yeo IS. Effect of polishing and glazing on the color and spectral distribution of monolithic zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013; 5:296–304.

24. Yilmaz C, Korkmaz T, Demirköprülü H, Ergün G, Ozkan Y. Color stability of glazed and polished dental porcelains. J Prosthodont. 2008; 17:20–24.

25. Ozcelik TB, Yilmaz B, Ozcan I, Kircelli C. Colorimetric analysis of opaque porcelain fired to different base metal alloys used in metal ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 99:193–202.

26. Shokry TE, Shen C, Elhosary MM, Elkhodary AM. Effect of core and veneer thicknesses on the color parameters of two all-ceramic systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:124–129.

27. Bachhav VC, Aras MA. The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of a zirconium oxide based all ceramic system fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. J Adv Prosthodont. 2011; 3:57–62.

28. Corciolani G, Vichi A, Louca C, Ferrari M. Influence of layering thickness on the color parameters of a ceramic system. Dent Mater. 2010; 26:737–742.

29. Wheeler RC. An atlas of tooth form. Philadelphia: Saunders;1969.

30. Lee YK, Cha HS, Ahn JS. Layered color of all-ceramic core and veneer ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2007; 97:279–286.

31. Kim SJ, Son HH, Cho BH, Lee IB, Um CM. Translucency and masking ability of various opaque-shade composite resins. J Dent. 2009; 37:102–107.

32. Johnston WM, Ma T, Kienle BH. Translucency parameter of colorants for maxillofacial prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 1995; 8:79–86.

33. Johnston WM. Color measurement in dentistry. J Dent. 2009; 37:e2–e6.

34. Douglas RD, Steinhauer TJ, Wee AG. Intraoral determination of the tolerance of dentists for perceptibility and acceptability of shade mismatch. J Prosthet Dent. 2007; 97:200–208.

35. Kristiansen J, Sakai M, Da Silva JD, Gil M, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Assessment of a prototype computer colour matching system to reproduce natural tooth colour on ceramic restorations. J Dent. 2011; 39:e45–e51.

36. Haddad HJ, Salameh Z, Sadig W, Aboushelib M, Jakstat HA. Allocation of color space for different age groups using three-dimensional shade guide systems. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2011; 6:94–102.

37. Sluzker A, Knösel M, Athanasiou AE. Sensitivity of digital dental photo CIE L*a*b analysis compared to spectrophotometer clinical assessments over 6 months. Am J Dent. 2011; 24:300–304.

38. Ghinea R, Pérez MM, Herrera LJ, Rivas MJ, Yebra A, Paravina RD. Color difference thresholds in dental ceramics. J Dent. 2010; 38:e57–e64.

39. Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, Sakai M, Takahashi H, Tashkandi E, Perez Mdel M. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015; 27:S1–S9.