Yonsei Med J.  1992 Dec;33(4):289-293. 10.3349/ymj.1992.33.4.289.

Spasmodic torticollis: medical and botulinum A toxin treatment

• Lee MC

• KMID: 2036535
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1992.33.4.289

Abstract

The exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of spasmodic torticollis and other idiopathic torsion dystonias remain largely unknown. Thus, a variety of drugs have been used alone or in combination on an empirical basis to treat these disorders, but to date none have efficacy that is proven and consistent. The drugs in use include anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, dopaminergics and dopamine antagonists with variable degrees of clinical improvement. Botulinum toxin A injection treatment for spasmodic torticollis is safe and efficacious with minimal adverse effect. However, it is expensive and beneficial effects are short-lasting. Only when a spasmodic torticollis patient's symptoms are refractory to combined treatment, using various drugs and Botulinum toxin injections, should the patient be considered a candidate for neurosurgical procedures.

Keyword

Spasmodic torticollis; dystonia; anticholinergics; dopaminergics; dopamine antagonists; botulinum toxin

MeSH Terms

Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use
Botulinum Toxins/*therapeutic use
Dopamine Agents/therapeutic use
Dopamine Antagonists
Human
Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use
Spasm/*drug therapy
Torticollis/*drug therapy