J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2014 Apr;52(2):82-89. 10.4047/jkap.2014.52.2.82.

Rheological properties of dental resin cements during polymerization

• Lee JR
• Lee JB
• Han JS
• Kim SH
• Yeo IS
• Ha SR
• Kim HK

• KMID: 2000133
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2014.52.2.82

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to observe the change of viscoelastic properties of dental resin cements during polymerization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six commercially available resin cement materials (Clearfil SA luting, Panavia F 2.0, Zirconite, Variolink N, RelyX Unicem clicker, RelyX U200) were investigated in this study. A dynamic oscillation-time sweep test was performed with AR1500 stress controlled rheometer at 32degrees C. The changes in shear storage modulus (G'), shear loss modulus (G"), loss tangent (tan delta) and displacement were measured for twenty minutes and repeated three times for each material. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS
After mixing, all materials demonstrated an increase in G' with time, reaching the plateau in the end. RelyX U200 demonstrated the highest G' value, while RelyX Unicem (clicker type) and Variolink N demonstrated the lowest G' value at the end of experimental time. Tan delta was maintained at some level and reached the zero at the starting point where G' began to increase. The tan delta and displacement of the tested materials showed similar pattern in the graph within change of time. The displacement of all 6 materials approached to zero within 6 minutes.
CONCLUSION
Compared to other resin cements used in this study, RelyX U200 maintained plastic property for a longer period of time. When it completed the curing process, RelyX U200 had the highest stiffness. It is convenient for clinicians to cement multiple units of dental prostheses simultaneously.

Keyword

Dental resin cement; Rheological properties; Film thickness; Viscoelasticity

MeSH Terms

Dental Prosthesis
Plastics
Polymerization*
Polymers*
Resin Cements
Resins, Synthetic*
Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl
Plastics
Polymers
Resin Cements
Resins, Synthetic
Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Dynamic oscillatory time sweep testing involves the application strain to a resin cement material and to record the resultant stress. The phase angle (δ) and the ratio of stress amplitude and strain amplitude allow the calculation of the shear storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), loss tangent (tan δ) and other rheological variables.

• 

  Fig. 2. The representative of shear storage modulus (G') of dental resin cements investigated. The increase of G' means the progression of the cross-linking and entanglements of polymer chains. It means that the material shows the onset of elasticity or loss of fluidity. Initial setting time is defined as amount of time until beginning of the development of elasticity, such as increase of the value of G' or decrease of the value of tan δ .

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  Fig. 3. The representative of shear loss modulus (G") of dental resin cements investigated.

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  Fig. 4. The representative of loss tangent (tan δ) of dental resin cements investigated. The value of tan δ depends on the ratio of G'' to G'. It represents loss of plasticity and corresponds with tendency of displacement curve.

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  Fig. 5. The representative of displacement of dental resin cements investigated.

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