Korean J Orthod.  2009 Dec;39(6):393-401. 10.4041/kjod.2009.39.6.393.

Effects of direct and indirect bonding techniques on bond strength and microleakage after thermocycling

• Ozturk F
• Babacan H
• Nalcaci R
• Kustarci A

• KMID: 1975783
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2009.39.6.393

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex bonded with a direct and an indirect bonding technique after thermocycling. METHODS: Fifty non-carious human premolars were divided into two equal groups. In the direct bonding group a light-cured adhesive and a primer (Transbond XT) was used. In the indirect-bonding group, a light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT) and chemical-cured primer (Sondhi Rapid Set) were used. After polymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). For the microleakage evaluation, 10 teeth from each group were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and examined under a stereomicroscope. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for SBS testing with the universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences on SBS and microleakage between the two bonding techniques. The indirect bonding group had a significantly lower ARI score. Bracket failures were obtained between enamel-resin interfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The type of bonding technique did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage and SBS.

Keyword

Indirect bonding; Microleakage; Shear bond strength; ARI score

MeSH Terms

Adhesives
Bicuspid
Collodion
Humans
Nails
Paint
Polymerization
Polymers
Rosaniline Dyes
Tooth
Water
Adhesives
Collodion
Polymers
Rosaniline Dyes
Water

Figure

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  Fig 1. Examples of assignments of adhesive remnant index scores (with 10 × magnification). A, B, ARI score of 3 indicated that all the adhesive remained on the tooth; C, D, ARI score of 2 indicated that more than half was left on the tooth.

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  Fig 2. Microleakage evaluation between the bracket-adhesive and the adhesive-enamel interfaces. A, A specimen bonded with the direct bonding technique (30 × magnification). The adhesive-tooth interface scores are 0 for both gingival and occlusal sides. For the adhesive-bracket interface, scores are 0 for the occlusal side and 1 for the gingival side; B, a specimen bonded with the indirect bonding technique (30 × magnification). No microleakage found under the bracket.

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