Korean J Orthod.  2010 Feb;40(1):40-49. 10.4041/kjod.2010.40.1.40.

Comparison of transition temperature range and phase transformation behavior of nickel-titanium wires

• Lee YH
• Lim BS
• Lee YK
• Kim CW
• Baek SH

• KMID: 1975624
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.1.40

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical properties (MP) and degree of the phase transformation (PT) of martensitic (M-NiTi), austenitic (A-NiTi) and thermodynamic nickel-titanium wire (T-NiTi).
METHODS
The samples consisted of 0.016 x 0.022 inch M-NiTi (Nitinol Classic, NC), A-NiTi (Optimalloy, OPTI) and T-NiTi (Neo-Sentalloy, NEO). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), three-point bending test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure examination were used. Statistical evaluation was undertaken using ANOVA test.
RESULTS
In DSC analysis, OPTI and NEO showed two peaks in the heating curves and one peak in the cooling curves. However, NC revealed one single broad and weak peak in the heating and cooling curves. Austenite finishing (Af) temperatures were 19.7degrees C for OPTI, 24.6degrees C for NEO and 52.4degrees C for NC. In the three-point bending test, residual deflection was observed for NC, OPTI and NEO. The load ranges of NC and OPTI were broader and higher than NEO. XRD and microstructure analyses showed that OPTI and NEO had a mixture of martensite and austenite at temperatures below Martensite finishing (Mf). NEO and OPTI showed improved MP and PT behavior than NC.
CONCLUSIONS
The mechanical and thermal behaviors of NiTi wire cannot be completely explained by the expected degree of PT because of complicated martensite variants and independent PT induced by heat and stress.

Keyword

Transition temperature range; Phase transformation; Ni-Ti wires

MeSH Terms

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
Dental Alloys
Heating
Hot Temperature
Thermodynamics
Transition Temperature
X-Ray Diffraction
Dental Alloys

Figure

• 

  Fig 1 Heating and cooling curves of nickel-titanium with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A, Nitinol Classic (NC, 3M-Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA; martensitic(M)- NiTi type); B, Optimalloy (OPTI, Jinsung Medical, Seoul, Korea; austenitic(A)-NiTi type); C, Neo Sentalloy (NEO, GAC, Tokyo, Japan; thermodynamic(T)-NiTi type). Arrows in A means broad and weak peaks occurred during the heating and cooling cycle, respectively. Two peaks in the heating curves of B and C indicates the existence of R (rhombohedral) phase.

• 

  Fig 2 Load-deflection curves of the nickel-titanium wires with changes in temperature. A, NC (M-NiTi type), B, OPTI (A-NiTi type), C, NEO (T-NiTi type).

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  Fig 3 Optical micrographs of the nickel-titanium wires at room temperature. A, NC (M-NiTi type); B, OPTI (A-NiTi type); C, NEO (T-NiTi type).

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  Fig 4 X-ray diffraction patterns of the nickel-titanium wires at various temperatures. A, NC (M-NiTi type); B, OPTI (A-NiTi type); C, NEO (T-NiTi type).

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  Fig 5 X-ray diffraction patterns of the nickel-titanium wires at room temperature. NC, M-NiTi type; OPTI, A-NiTi type; NEO, T-NiTi type. FWHH means full width at half height.

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