J Korean Med Sci.  2013 Mar;28(3):348-356. 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.3.348.

Regional Factors Associated with Participation in the National Health Screening Program: A Multilevel Analysis Using National Data

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. belong@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
  • 3Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

High participation rates are important for maximizing the effects of a health screening program. Previous studies have suggested that individual or regional characteristics have effects on health behaviors. In this study, we investigated the determinants of participation in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages by simultaneously analyzing individual and area-level factors by multilevel analysis. A total of 1,081,216 subjects, aged 40 and 66 yr and nested in 254 areas, were included. There was a significant variation in participation rates across the areas even after adjusting for individual and area-level variables. Among the individual-level variables, increasing age, sex, higher income, and mild disability grade were associated with a higher participation rate. In urban areas, the 40-yr-old group had higher participation rates than the 66-yr-old group. Deprived areas had significantly high participation rates for both age groups. The number of screening centers per 1,000 inhabitants had no significant effect on participation in the screening program. In conclusion, regional characteristics are associated with participation rates independent of personal features and regional factors have differential effects with respect to age. A multi-dimensional approach is recommended to promote participation in health screening programs.

Keyword

Health Screening; Participation Rate; Multilevel Analysis; Regional Factors; National Screening Program for Transitional Ages

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Demography
Disabled Persons
Female
Humans
Male
Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data
Multilevel Analysis
National Health Programs/*statistics & numerical data
Socioeconomic Factors

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Study framework.

  • Fig. 2 Regional distribution of the participation rate in the 40-yr-old group, null model. Estimated relative participation rates were illustrated with 95% confidential intervals.

  • Fig. 3 Regional distribution of the participation rate in the 66-yr-old group, null model. Estimated relative participation rates were illustrated with 95% confidential intervals.

  • Fig. 4 Regional distribution of the participation rate (A) and spatial correlation of the regional participation rate. Values range from -1 (indicating perfect dispersion) to +1 (perfect correlation) (B) in the 40-yr-old group.

  • Fig. 5 Regional distribution of the participation rate (A) and spatial correlation of the regional participation rate. Values range from -1 (indicating perfect dispersion) to +1 (perfect correlation) (B) in the 66-yr-old group.


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