1. Ludwig B, Baumgaertel S, Bowman SJ. Mini-implants in orthodontics. Innovative anchorage concepts. 2008. 1st ed. London: Quintessence Publishing;23.
2. Ramaswamy R, Evans S, Kosashvili Y. Holding power of variable pitch screws in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal bone: are all screws created equal? Injury. 2010. 41:179–183.
Article
3. Saka B. Mechanical and biomechanical measurements of five currently available osteosynthesis systems of self-tapping screws. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000. 38:70–75.
Article
4. Miyawaki S, Koyama I, Inoue M, Mishima K, Sugahara T, Takano-Yamamoto T. Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003. 124:373–378.
Article
5. Miyamoto I, Tsuboi Y, Wada E, Suwa H, Iizuka T. Influence of cortical bone thickness and implant length on implant stability at the time of surgery-clinical, prospective, biomechanical, and imaging study. Bone. 2005. 37:776–780.
Article
6. Uhthoff HK. Mechanical factors influencing the holding power of screws in compact bone. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1973. 55:633–639.
Article
7. Motoyoshi M, Hirabayashi M, Uemura M, Shimizu N. Recommended placement torque when tightening an orthodontic mini-implant. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006. 17:109–114.
Article
8. Büchter A, Wiechmann D, Koerdt S, Wiesmann HP, Piffko J, Meyer U. Load-related implant reaction of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005. 16:473–479.
Article
9. Park HS. Orthodontic treatment using micro-implant: clinical applications of micro-implant anchorage. 2006. Seoul: DaehanNare Publishing;5–33.
10. Meredith N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. Int J Prosthodont. 1998. 11:491–501.
11. Yu W, Kyung HM. Torque and mechanical failure of orthodontic micro-implant influenced by implant design parameters. Korean J Orthod. 2007. 37:171–181.
12. Chun HJ, Cheong SY, Han JH, Heo SJ, Chung JP, Rhyu IC, et al. Evaluation of design parameters of osseointegrated dental implants using finite element analysis. J Oral Rehabil. 2002. 29:565–574.
Article
13. Hansson S, Werke M. The implant thread as a retention element in cortical bone: the effect of thread size and thread profile: a finite element study. J Biomech. 2003. 36:1247–1258.
Article
14. Nam O, Yu WJ, Kyung HM. Cortical bone strain during the placement of orthodontic microimplant studied by 3D finite element analysis. Korean J Orthod. 2008. 38:228–239.
Article
15. Park JS, Yu WJ, Kyung HM, Kwon OW. Finite element analysis of cortical bone strain induced by self-drilling placement of orthodontic microimplant. Korean J Orthod. 2009. 39:203–212.
Article
16. You ZH, Bell WH, Schneiderman ED, Ashman RB. Biomechanical properties of small bone screws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994. 52:1293–1302.
Article
17. Kincaid B, Schroder L, Mason J. Measurement of orthopedic cortical bone screw insertion performance in cadaver bone and model materials. Exp Mech. 2007. 47:595–607.
Article
18. Krenn MH, Piotrowski WP, Penzkofer R, Augat P. Influence of thread design on pedicle screw fixation. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008. 9:90–95.
19. Brinley CL, Behrents R, Kim KB, Condoor S, Kyung HM, Buschang PH. Pitch and longitudinal fluting effects on the primary stability of miniscrew implants. Angle Orthod. 2009. 79:1156–1161.
Article
20. Motoyoshi M, Yano S, Tsuruoka T, Shimizu N. Biomechanical effect of abutment on stability of orthodontic mini-implant. A finite element analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005. 16:480–485.
Article
21. Park HS, Jeong SH, Kwon OW. Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006. 130:18–25.
Article
22. Chen Y, Kyung HM, Zhao WT, Yu WJ. Critical factors for the success of orthodontic mini-implants: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009. 135:284–291.
Article
23. Song YY, Cha JY, Hwang CJ. Mechanical characteristics of various orthodontic mini-screws in relation to artificial cortical bone thickness. Angle Orthod. 2007. 77:979–985.
Article
24. Song YY, Cha JY, Hwang CJ. Evaluation of insertion torque and pull-out strength of mini-screws according to different thickness of artificial cortical bone. Korean J Orthod. 2007. 37:5–15.
25. Hwang CJ, Choi BJ, Kim KN, Kim KM, Lee YK. Orthodontic materials and clinical technique. 2003. Seoul: DaehanNare Publishing;24.