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Comparison of Intraoperative Low-Dose Ketodex and Fentanyl Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia In Spine Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study

Thappa P, Singh N, Luthra A, Deshpande P, Chauhan R, Meena SC, Kumar V, Singla N

Study Design: Prospective randomized double-blind study. Purpose: To assess the analgesic effects of the combination of a low-dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine (ketodex) infusion and compare it with that of fentanyl for...
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The Role of Glutamate Underlying Treatment-resistant Depression

Kim J, Kim TE, Lee SH, Koo JW

  • KMID: 2545804
  • Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci.
  • 2023 Aug;21(3):429-446.
  • doi: 10.9758/cpn.22.1034
The monoamine hypothesis has significantly improved our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment by linking monoaminergic abnormalities to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Even 50 years after the monoamine...
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Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus and evidence for the use of ketamine: a scope review

Espinosa L, Gomez M, Zamora A, Molano-Franco D

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with serious consequences for neuronal tissues, therefore, it is considered the most serious manifestation of epilepsy. The response to treatment, its evolution time...
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Ketamine-propofol (ketofol) in procedural sedation: a narrative review

Choi EJ, Kim CH, Yoon JY, Kim EJ

Sedation methods for dental treatment are increasingly explored. Recently, ketofol, which is a combination of ketamine and propofol, has been increasingly used because the advantages and disadvantages of propofol and...
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Comparative evaluation of intranasal midazolam-ketamine, dexmedetomidine-ketamine, midazolam-fentanyl, and dexmedetomidine-fentanyl combinations for procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric dental patients: a randomized controlled trial

Agarwal A, Ansari AA, Nath R, Chak RK, Singh RK, Khanna R, Singh PR

Background: In order to assess the effectiveness of various analgesio-sedative combinations for pain relief and sedation in pediatric dental patients, a thorough evaluation of clinical studies and patient outcomes is...
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4-F-PCP, a Novel PCP Analog Ameliorates the Depressive-Like Behavior of Chronic Social Defeat Stress Mice via NMDA Receptor Antagonism

Ortiz DMD, Kim M, Lee HJ, Botanas CJ, Perez Custodio RJ, Sayson LV, Campomayor NB, Lee C, Lee YS, Cheong JH, Kim HJ

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability in more than 280 million people worldwide. Monoamine-based antidepressants are currently used to treat depression, but delays in treatment effects and...
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in Illicit Substance Use

Sung E, Kang IM, Kim H, Lee H, Park J

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuroinflammatory disease mediated by autoantibodies against the NMDAR, typically presenting with psychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and motor dysfunction. These neuropsychiatric symptoms may be mimicked...
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Subdissociative-dose ketamine for sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis: a narrative review for the emergency physician

Bawany MH, Motov SM

Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in sickle cell disease can cause severe pain and requires a thoughtful approach to analgesia. Considering the heightened awareness of the harm associated with opioids, an exploration...
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Where is the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway in Depression?

Lee JA

Although the pathophysiology of depression has not been clearly elucidated yet, the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway has recently taken an increasingly important position in the pathophysiology of...
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Efficacy and safety of low dose oral ketamine for controlling pain and distress during intravenous cannulation in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Bagheri M, Soltani AE, Qorbani M, Sureda A, Faghihi T

Background: Ketamine is widely used in infants and young children for procedural sedation and anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose...
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Comparison of nebulized dexmedetomidine and ketamine for premedication in pediatric patients undergoing hernia repair surgery: a randomized comparative trial

Singariya G, Malhotra N, Kamal M, Jaju R, Aggarwal S, Bihani P

Background: Allaying anxiety and providing calm children in the operating room is a challenging task for anesthesiologists. This study was designed to compare the use of nebulized dexmedetomidine and ketamine...
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Subanesthetic intravenous ketamine vs. caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries: a non-inferiority randomized, single-blind controlled trial

Sahoo AK, Misra S, Behera BK, Srinivasan A, Jena SS, Mohanty MK

Background: Subanesthetic intravenous (IV) ketamine acts as an analgesic and has opioid-sparing effects, particularly for acute postoperative pain; however, its effectiveness in children is understudied. The primary aim...
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Evaluation of the Effect of Continuous Infusion of Dexmedetomidine or a Subanesthetic Dose Ketamine on Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery under Total Intravenous Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Study

Andleeb R, Agrawal S, Gupta P

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind exploratory study. Purpose: To compare effects of dexmedetomidine or a subanesthetic dose of ketamine on the amplitude and latency of transcranial electrically generated motor evoked...
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The effects of ketamine on pain control in stage IV cancer patients receiving palliative care

Kim S, Kang J, Choi J, Kong E

Background: We evaluated the effects of intravenous ketamine on cancer pain in stage IV cancer patients receiving palliative care. Methods: In total, 253 stage IV cancer patients with cancer pain hospitalized...
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Comparison of bolus administration effects of lidocaine on preventing tourniquet-induced hypertension in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Kim JW, Lee AR, Park ES, Yun MS, Ryu SW, Kim UG, Kang DH, Kim JD

Background: This study assessed the effect of a single bolus administration of lidocaine on the prevention of tourniquet-induced hypertension (TIH) and compared the effect of lidocaine to that of ketamine...
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Efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of migraines and other unspecified primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other interventions: a systematic review

Chah N, Jones M, Milord S, Al-Eryani K, Enciso R

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global...
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Pediatric Sedation in the Emergency Department: Trends from a Nationwide Population-based Study in Korea, 2007–2018

Lee JY, Choi SJ, Park JS, Lee JS, Ryu JM, Yum MS

Background: Pediatric sedation in the emergency department (ED) is widely performed in Korea; thus exploring the trends of its use is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of...
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Procedural Sedation for Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Korea

Lee YM, Kang B, Kim YB, Kim HJ, Lee KJ, Lee Y, Choi SY, Lee EH, Yi DY, Jang HJ, Choi YJ, Hong SJ, Kim JY, Kang Y, Kim SC

Background: Sedative upper endoscopy is similar in pediatrics and adults, but it is characteristically more likely to lead to respiratory failure. Although recommended guidelines for pediatric procedural sedation are available...
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Ketamine-induced generalized convulsive seizure during procedural sedation

Kim JH, Lee CK, Yu SH, Min BD, Chung CE, Kim DC

Ketamine is used widely in emergency departments for a variety of purposes, including procedural sedation for facial laceration in pediatric patients. The major benefits are its rapid onset of effects,...
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Comeback of ketamine: resurfacing facts and dispelling myths

Kumar A, Kohli A

Initially known as CI-581, ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 as a replacement from phencyclidine. It has since been used as an anesthetic and analgesic. In addition, it has bronchodilating,...
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