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STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study.
PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of augmented fixation for anatomical reduction of grade 2 and grade 3 listhesis in patients with osteoporosis.
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Spondylolisthesis in...
Objective: Conventional cervical pedicle screw insertion necessitates extensive paraspinal muscle dissection and retraction in order to achieve the lateral to medial angulation needed to achieve the optimal screw trajectory. Minimally...