- Association of Time to First Morning Cigarette and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Measured by Spirometry in Current Smokers
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Kim G, Song H, Park K, Noh H, Lee E, Lee H, Kim H, Paek Y
- KMID: 2411626
- Korean J Fam Med.
- 2018 Mar;39(2):67-73.
- doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.2.67
BACKGROUND: Time to first cigarette after waking is an indicator of nicotine dependence. We aimed to identify the association between time to first cigarette and spirometry-proven obstructive respiratory impairment, especially... -
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