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STUDY DESIGN: Historical controlled trial.
PURPOSE: To clarify the usefulness of cryotherapy after spine surgery.
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Cryotherapy has generally been performed subsequent to surgery on joints and in this application...
Purpose: Harvesting at least 12 lymph nodes (LNs) is recommended for adequate tumor staging in colon surgery. Although preoperative endoscopic tattooing has been used for primary localization of tumors, its...