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Endotoxic responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are triggered by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and involve the production of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), by macrophages. The detailed mechanism of IL-6...
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an autocrine growth factor for mesangial cells. It is not known whether high glucose influences IL-6 production in mesangial cells. Angiotensin II (AGII) is involved in the...
Lee JW, Ryu HC, Ng YC, Kim C, Wei JD, Sabaratnam V, Kim JH
KMID: 1383800
Exp Mol Med.
2012 Jun;44(6):378-386.
12(S)-Hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT) is an enzymatic product of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. Despite the high level of 12-HHT present in tissues and bodily fluids,...
Myeloid-related protein (MRP)8/MRP14 is an endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand and is abundant in synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Belonging to damage-associated molecular patterns, it amplifies...