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Axon Guidance Molecules Guiding Neuroinflammation

Lee WS, Lee WH, Bae YC, Suk K

Axon guidance molecules (AGMs), such as Netrins, Semaphorins, and Ephrins, have long been known to regulate axonal growth in the developing nervous system. Interestingly, the chemotactic properties of AGMs are...
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FxClear, A Free-hydrogel Electrophoretic Tissue Clearing Method for Rapid De-lipidation of Tissues with High Preservation of Immunoreactivity

Choi J, Lee E, Kim JH, Sun W

Over the last two decades, several tissue clearing methodologies have been established that render tissues optically transparent and allow imaging of unsectioned tissues of significant volumes, thus improving the capacity...
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Basal Forebrain Cholinergic-induced Activation of Cholecystokinin Inhibitory Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala

Lee S, Kim JH

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) receives dense projections from cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Acetylcholine can contributes to amygdala-dependent behaviors: formation and extinction of fear memory and appetitive instrumental learning....
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Three-axis Modification of Coordinates Enables Accurate Stereotactic Targeting in Non-human Primate Brains of Different Sizes

Kim HS, Kang GH, Song H, Kim RG, Park JY, Hwang JH, Kim HI

The brain grows with age in non-human primates (NHPs). Therefore, atlas-based stereotactic coordinates cannot be used directly to target subcortical structures if the size of the animal's brain differs from...
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Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Alterations of Amino Acid Metabolome Signatures in the Postmortem Brain of Alzheimer's Disease

Kim YH, Shim HS, Kim KH, Lee J, Chung BC, Kowall NW, Ryu H, Lee J

Despite significant advances in neuroscience research over the past several decades, the exact cause of AD has not yet fully understood. The metabolic hypothesis as well as the amyloid and...
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Gait Ignition Failure in JNPL3 Human Tau-mutant Mice

Jang H, Ryu JH, Shin KM, Seo NY, Kim GH, Huh YH, Pae AN, Lee KJ

Cognitive impairments and motor dysfunction are commonly observed behavioral phenotypes in genetic animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. JNPL3 transgenic mice expressing human P301L-mutant tau display motor disturbances with age- and...
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Early-Life Stress in D2 Heterozygous Mice Promotes Autistic-like Behaviors through the Downregulation of the BDNF-TrkB Pathway in the Dorsal Striatum

Lee Y, Han PL

A number of specific genetic variants including gene mutations and single nucleotide variations have been identified in genomewide association studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD phenotypes in individuals carrying...
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Impaired Axonal Guidance Signaling in Human Postmortem Brain Tissues of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Bi B, Choi HP, Hyeon SJ, Sun S, Su N, Liu Y, Lee J, Kowall NW, McKee AC, Yang JH, Ryu H

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a distinct neurodegenerative disease that associated with repetitive head trauma. CTE is neuropathologically defined by the perivascular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein in the...
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The First Generation of iPSC Line from a Korean Alzheimer's Disease Patient Carrying APP-V715M Mutation Exhibits a Distinct Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Li L, Roh JH, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Kim M, Koh W, Heo H, Chang JW, Nakanishi , Yoon T, Na DL, Song J

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically defined by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and hyper-phosphorylated tau aggregates in the brain. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a...
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Abnormal Mitochondria in a Non-human Primate Model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease: Drp1 and CDK5/p25 Signaling

Park J, Seo J, Won J, Yeo HG, Ahn YJ, Kim K, Jin YB, Koo BS, Lim KS, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Lee HY, Baek SH, Jeon CY, Hong JJ, Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim SU, Lee DS, Lee SR, Lee Y

Mitochondria continuously fuse and divide to maintain homeostasis. An impairment in the balance between the fusion and fission processes can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is...
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Memantine Improves Cognitive Function and Alters Hippocampal and Cortical Proteome in Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Zhou X, Wang L, Xiao W, Su Z, Zheng C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Xu B, Yang X, Hoi MP

Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist clinically approved for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) to improve cognitive functions. There is no report about the proteomic alterations induced by memantine...
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Analgesic Effect of Toll-like Receptor 4 Antagonistic Peptide 2 on Mechanical Allodynia Induced with Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats

Yin Y, Park H, Lee SY, Lee WH, Song HJ, Kim J, Kim DW, Hong J

Neuroinflammation is one of the key mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which is primarily mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in microglia. Therefore, TLR4 may be a reasonable...
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