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A typical bile duct branching patterns represent one of the major causes of bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The most common classified variations of bile duct branching,...
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of an initial cohort of consecutive patients undergoing robot-assisted pedicle screw placement.
PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the learning curve, if any, of this new technology over...