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Alternative Methods for Testing Botulinum Toxin: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Nepal MR, Jeong TC

Botulinum toxins are neurotoxic modular proteins composed of a heavy chain and a light chain connected by a disulfide bond and are produced by Clostridium botulinum. Although lethally toxic, botulinum...
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Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Drug Candidates for Regulating the Secretion of Pulmonary Mucus

Li X, Jin F, Lee HJ, Lee CJ

Hypersecretion of pulmonary mucus is a major pathophysiological feature in allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overproduction and/or oversecretion of mucus cause the...
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Poncirin Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss through Down-Regulation of NFATc1 In Vitro and In Vivo

Chun KH, Jin HC, Kang KS, Chang TS, Hwang GS

Activation of osteoclast and inactivation of osteoblast result in loss of bone mass with bone resorption, leading to the pathological progression of osteoporosis. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)...
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Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the Disposition of Tofacitinib, a Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Rats

Gwak EH, Yoo HY, Kim SH

Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, was developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it has been associated with an increased change in arthritis development in patients with diabetes. Herein,...
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The Altered Signaling on EFS-Induced Colon Contractility in Diabetic Rats

Thein W, Po WW, Kim DM, Sohn UD

Diabetes mellitus affects the colonic motility developing gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation. The aim of the study was to examine the role of intracellular signaling pathways contributing to colonic dysmotility...
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Gentiopicroside Ameliorates the Progression from Hepatic Steatosis to Fibrosis Induced by Chronic Alcohol Intake

Yang HX, Shang Y, Jin Q, Wu YL, Liu J, Qiao CY, Zhan ZY, Ye H, Nan JX, Lian LH

In current study, we aimed to investigate whether the gentiopicroside (GPS) derived from Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa could block the progression of alcoholic hepatic steatosis to fibrosis induced by chronic ethanol...
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Econazole Induces p53-Dependent Apoptosis and Decreases Metastasis Ability in Gastric Cancer Cells

Choi EK, Park EJ, Phan TT, Kim HD, Hoe KL, Kim DU

Econazole, a potent broad-spectrum antifungal agent and a Ca2+ channel antagonist, induces cytotoxicity in leukemia cells and is used for the treatment of skin infections. However, little is known about...
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Potential Moracin M Prodrugs Strongly Attenuate Airway Inflammation In Vivo

Lee J, Mandava S, Ahn SH, Bae MA, So KS, Kwon KS, Kim HP

This study aims to develop new potential therapeutic moracin M prodrugs acting on lung inflammatory disorders. Potential moracin M prodrugs (KW01-KW07) were chemically synthesized to obtain potent orally active derivatives,...
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Vanillic Acid Stimulates Anagen Signaling via the PI3K/Akt/ β-Catenin Pathway in Dermal Papilla Cells

Kang JI, Choi YK, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Kang JH, Lee KS, Lee CM, Yoo ES, Kang HK

The hair cycle (anagen, catagen, and telogen) is regulated by the interaction between mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells in the hair follicles. The proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), mesenchymal-derived...
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Small Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion by Targeting Cavities on Heptad Repeat Trimers

Kandeel M, Yamamoto M, Al-Taher A, Watanabe A, Oh-hashi K, Park BK, Kwon HJ, Inoue Ji, Al-Nazawi M

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerging viral disease with fatal outcomes. However, no MERS-CoV-specific treatment is commercially available. Given the absence of previous structure-based drug discovery...
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