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Etiology of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Literature Review

Kikanloo S, Tarpada SP, Cho W

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the peripubertal development of spinal curvature of a minimum of 10°. AIS is thought to be attributable to genetic factors, nutrition, early exposure to toxins,...
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Lack of Current Recommendations for Resuming Sexual Activity Following Spinal Surgery

Thomas CM, Levene HB

Patients are faced with many questions surrounding the after effects of the various surgical procedures and their ability to return to preoperative activities. While patients often question whether surgery would...
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Demographic Analysis of Lumbar Pedicle Diameters in a Diverse Population

Albano J, Lentz J, Stockton R, DePalma V, Markowitz , Ganz M, Katsigiorgis G, Grewal K

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PURPOSE: We sought to determine the differences in pedicle diameter (PD) in the lumbar spine between various races: ‘Asian,’‘Black,’‘White,’ and ‘Other.’ These data could aid in...
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Defining the Normal Trends of Serum Creatine Kinase Levels Following Spinal Surgery

Griffith M, Shaw KA, Baird M, Rushford P, Shaw V, Roberts A, Gloystein

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, prognostic study, level II evidence. PURPOSE: To define the normal change in the creatine kinase (CK) levels in patients undergoing prone or supine lumbar or cervical spine surgery...
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Utilization of Spinal Navigation to Facilitate Hassle-Free Rod Placement during Minimally-Invasive Long-Construct Posterior Instrumentation

Kaliya-Perumal AK, Limthongkul W, Oh JY

During minimally-invasive long-construct posterior instrumentation, it may be challenging to contour and place the rod as the screw heads are not visualized. To overcome this, we utilized the image data...
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Epidural Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell: First Report of Epidural Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Lee GW, Seo MS, Kang KK, Oh SK

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. PURPOSE: To determine whether epidural fat (EF) tissue contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Spine surgeons are unaware of the contents of EF tissue and the...
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Perioperative Factors Associated with Severe Pain in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit after Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Rungwattanakit P, Sondtiruk , Nimmannit , Sirivanasandha B

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case-control study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide and anesthetic and operative factors associated with severe pain in the early postoperative period after thoracolumbar spine...
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Sagittal Balance Correction Following Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison of the Three Approaches

Champagne , Walsh C, Diabira J, Plante MÃ, Wang Z, Boubez G, Shedid D

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare three widely used interbody fusion approaches in regard to their ability to correct sagittal balance, including pelvic...
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Assessment of In Vivo Lumbar Inter-Vertebral Motion: Reliability of a Novel Dynamic Weight-Bearing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique Using a Side-Bending Task

Mahato NK, Montuelle , Clark BC

STUDY DESIGN: Between-session reliability of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based experimental technique to quantify lumbar inter-vertebral motion in humans. PURPOSE: We have developed a novel, dynamic, MRI-based approach for quantifying...
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Neurological Recovery Pattern in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy after Anterior Surgery: A Prospective Study with Literature Review

Pandita N, Gupta S, Raina P, Srivastava A, Hakak AY, Singh O, Darokhan M, Butt MF

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to examine the neurological recovery pattern in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after anterior cervical decompression and compare it with the existing...
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The Outcome of Radiofrequency Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures in Osteoporotic Patients

Hegazy R, El-Mowafi , Hadhood M, Hannout Y, Allam Y, Silbermann J

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: The study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency (RF) kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in osteoporotic patients. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE:...
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Analysis of Neuropathic Pain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 Mapping of Intervertebral Disc in Chronic Low Back Pain

Ogon I, Takebayashi T, Takashima , Morita T, Iesato N, Tanimoto K, Terashima , Yoshimoto , Yamashita

STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze mechanisms underlying chronic low back pain (CLBP) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping of the intervertebral disc (IVD). OVERVIEW OF...
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Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of the Posterior and Combined Approaches for Repair of Cervical Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Luksanapruksa P, Millhouse , Carlson V, Ariyawatkul T, Heller J, Kepler CK

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PURPOSE: To evaluate surgical outcomes and complications of cervical spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis (CAS) patients who were treated using either the posterior (P) or combined...
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Multi-Rod Constructs Can Increase the Incidence of Iliac Screw Loosening after Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity

Banno T, Hasegawa T, Yamato Y, Togawa D, Yoshida G, Kobayashi , Yasuda T, Arima H, Oe S, Mihara Y, Ushirozako H, Matsuyama

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of iliac screw loosening with a two-rod vs. multi-rod construct and the effect on clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgery for...
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Apical Vertebral Column Resection with Sagittal Rotation and Controlled Anterior Opening and Posterior Closing Maneuver for the Treatment of Severe Post-Tubercular Kyphosis: Case Series and Literature Review

Srivastava SK, Aggarwal R, Bhosale SK, Roy K, Nemade PS, Purohit S

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: Describe the technique and evaluate the outcome of apical vertebral column resection (VCR) with sagittal rotation and anterior opening and posterior closing (AOPC) maneuver for...
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The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Cervical and Lumbar Facet Arthropathy: A Computed Tomography Study

Kim JH, Sharan A, Cho W, Emam M, Hagen M, Kim SY

STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and degree of asymptomatic cervical and lumbar facet joint arthritis. We retrospectively reviewed 500 computed tomography (CT) scans of cervical facet...
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Comparative Radiographic Outcomes of Lateral and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Kyphosis

Nakashima , Kanemura T, Satake K, Ishikawa Y, Ouchida J, Segi N, Yamaguchi , Imagama S

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. PURPOSE: To compare surgical invasiveness and radiological outcomes between posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for degenerative lumbar kyphosis. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE:...
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The Effect of Schroth Therapy on Thoracic Kyphotic Curve and Quality of Life in Scheuermann's Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bezalel T, Carmeli E, Levi D, Kalichman

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled single-blinded clinical trial. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Schroth therapy on thoracic curve angle, pain, and self-perceived body image (SPBI) of the back in Scheuermann's patients...
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Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Induces Synovial Inflammation in the Facet Joint Leading to Degenerative Changes via Interleukin-6 Secretion

Sugimoto K, Nakamura T, Tokunaga T, Uehara Y, Okada T, Taniwaki T, Fujimoto T, Oike Y, Nakamura E

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental human study. PURPOSE: To determine whether angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is highly expressed in the hyperplastic facet joint (FJ) synovium and whether it activates interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in...
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Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Cervical Myelopathy: A Prospective, Multicenter Study

Tanishima , Mihara T, Tanida A, Takeda C, Murata M, Takahashi , Yamane K, Morishita , Morio Y, Ishii H, Fukata S, Nanjo Y, Hamamoto Y, Dokai T, Nagashima

STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on surgical outcomes in patients with cervical myelopathy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: To date, few studies have investigated the...
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