Tissue Eng Regen Med.  2023 Jun;20(3):355-370. 10.1007/s13770-023-00527-y.

Enhancement of Immune Responses Elicited by Nanovaccines through a Cross-Presentation Pathway

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  • 2Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  • 3Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-Do 25354, Republic of Korea
  • 4Interdisciplinary Programs in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Numerous studies have aimed to develop novel advanced vaccines, in part because traditional vaccines have been unsuccessful in preventing rapidly emerging and reemerging viral and bacterial infections. There is a need for an advanced vaccine delivery system to ensure the successful induction of humoral and cellular immune responses. In particular, the ability of nanovaccines to modulate intracellular antigen delivery by inducing exogenous antigens (loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecules) in CD8+ T cells, the so-called cross-presentation pathway, has attracted a great deal of attention. Protection against viral and intracellular bacterial infections relies on cross-presentation. This review discusses the advantages, requirements, and preparation of nanovaccines, the cross-presentation mechanism, the several parameters affecting cross-presentation by nanovaccines, and future perspectives.

Keyword

Cross-presentation; Dendritic cell; Exogenous antigen; Protective immune response; Nanovaccine
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