Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2022 Jan;11(1):89-95. 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.89.

Factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia

• Wibowo J
• Heriyanto RS
• Wijovi F
• Halim DA
• Claudia C
• Marcella E
• Susanto B
• Indrawan M
• Heryadi NK
• Imanuelly M
• Anurantha JJ
• Hariyanto TI
• Marcellin C
• Sinaga TD
• Rizki SA
• Sieto N
• Siregar JI
• Lugito NPH
• Kurniawan A

• KMID: 2534931
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.89

Abstract

Purpose
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread rapidly causing approximately 186 million confirmed cases around the world, the urgency to reach herd immunity through vaccination is increasing. However, vaccine safety is a top priority to limit the occurrence of adverse events. Henceforth, this study aims to recognize and perceive COVID-19 vaccine safety in Indonesia during the pandemic.
Materials and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey of demographic information and a qualitative questionnaire. Responses were recorded and the association between demographic characteristics from survey questions was tested using chi-square with a risk estimate and 95% confidence interval.
Results
A total of 311 participants from 33 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia participated in this study. Recorded responses showed multiple side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine both short- and long-term experienced by the participants. Significant associations were found between demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine side effects such as female gender with short-term puncture site (odds ratio [OR], 0.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.263–0.816) and short-term other reactions (OR, 0.463; 95% CI, 0.263–0.816), domicile outside Java island with long-term puncture site (OR, 4.219; 95% CI, 1.401–12.701) and immune reactions (OR, 3.375; 95% CI, 1.356–8.398), also between married marital status and long-term vagal reaction (OR, 4.655; 95% CI, 1.321–16.409).
Conclusion
Gender, domicile and marital status factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine side effects in Indonesian people.

Keyword

COVID-19; Vaccination; Vaccines; Side effect