Chonnam Med J.  2019 Jan;55(1):1-7. 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.1.

Apoptotic Cell-Mimetic Polymers for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

• Ebara M

• KMID: 2432249
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.1

Abstract

The field of biomaterials has seen a strong rejuvenation due to the new potential to modulate immune system in our body. This special class of materials is called "immunomodulatory biomaterials". Generally, three fundamental strategies are followed in the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials: (1) immuno-inert biomaterials, (2) immuno-activating biomaterials, and (3) immuno-tolerant biomaterials. While many applications of immuno-inert biomaterials such as biocompatible medical implants have been already proposed in the past decades, the ability to engineer biological activity into synthetic materials greatly increases the number of their potential uses and improves their performance in more traditional applications. The major focus of researchers is now set on developing immuno-tolerant biomaterials for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we therefore introduce recent developments of immuno-tolerant biomaterials. Especially we introduce an apoptotic cell membrane-inspired polymer and its post-inflammatory effects on immune cells in this article.

Keyword

Apoptosis; Phosphatidylserines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Immunomodulation; Biocompatible Materials

MeSH Terms

Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Apoptosis
Biocompatible Materials
Immune System
Immunomodulation
Phosphatidylserines
Polymers*
Rejuvenation
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Biocompatible Materials
Phosphatidylserines
Polymers

Figure

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  FIG. 1 Improvement of immunity. The trade-off relationship between immuno-activation and immuno-suppression.

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  FIG. 2 Biological reactions and expected effects of immuno-inert, immuno-activating, and immuno-tolerant biomaterials. iDC: immature dendritic cell, mDC: mature dendritic cell, tDC: tolerogenic dendritic cell.

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  FIG. 3 Major phospholipids constituting the cell membrane and collapse of asymmetrical distribution of the phospholipid bilayer due to the progression of apoptosis. Sph: sphingomyelin, PtdCho: phosphatidylcholine, PtdEA: phosphatidylethanolamine, PtdSer: phosphatidylserine, PtdIno: phosphatidylinositol.

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  FIG. 4 Synthesis of an apoptotic cell membrane-mimetic polymer via phosphoramidite chemistry.

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  FIG. 5 Effects of poly (MPS) on the NF-κB expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

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  FIG. 6 NF-κB expression against localized poly (MPS) amount in the cytosol in RAW macrophages.

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