Korean J Parasitol.  2016 Apr;54(2):123-132. 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.123.

Inflammatory Responses in a Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Line (BPH-1) Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis

• Kim SS
• Kim JH
• Han IH
• Ahn MH
• Ryu JS

• KMID: 2164008
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.123

Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissues from prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer. Chronic prostatic inflammation is known as a risk factor for prostate enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, and acute urinary retention. Our aim was to investigate whether T. vaginalis could induce inflammatory responses in cells of a benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line (BPH-1). When BPH-1 cells were infected with T. vaginalis, the protein and mRNA of inflammatory cytokines, such as CXCL8, CCL2, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased. The activities of TLR4, ROS, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, and NF-κB were also increased, whereas inhibitors of ROS, MAPK, PI3K, NF-κB, and anti-TLR4 antibody decreased the production of the 4 cytokines although the extent of inhibition differed. However, a JAK2 inhibitor inhibited only IL-6 production. Culture supernatants of the BPH-1 cells that had been incubated with live T. vaginalis (trichomonad-conditioned medium, TCM) contained the 4 cytokines and induced the migration of human monocytes (THP-1 cells) and mast cells (HMC-1 cells). TCM conditioned by BPH-1 cells pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor showed decreased levels of cytokines and induced less migration. Therefore, it is suggested that these cytokines are involved in migration of inflammatory cells. These results suggest that T. vaginalis infection of BPH patients may cause inflammation, which may induce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Keyword

Trichomonas vaginalis; benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell (BPH-1); inflammatory response

MeSH Terms

Cytokines
Emigration and Immigration
Epithelial Cells*
Humans
Inflammation
Interleukin-6
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Mast Cells
Monocytes
Prostate
Prostatic Hyperplasia*
Prostatic Neoplasms
Prostatitis
Risk Factors
RNA, Messenger
Trichomonas vaginalis*
Trichomonas*
Urinary Retention
Cytokines
Interleukin-6
RNA, Messenger